/*
 * Copyright 2001-2004 The Apache Software Foundation.
 * 
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */ 

package org.apache.commons.codec.binary;

import org.apache.commons.codec.BinaryDecoder;
import org.apache.commons.codec.BinaryEncoder;
import org.apache.commons.codec.DecoderException;
import org.apache.commons.codec.EncoderException;

/**
 * Hex encoder and decoder.
 * 
 * @since 1.1
 * @author Apache Software Foundation
 * @version $Id: Hex.java,v 1.13 2004/04/18 18:22:33 ggregory Exp $
 */
public class Hex implements BinaryEncoder, BinaryDecoder {

    /** 
     * Used building output as Hex 
     */
    private static final char[] DIGITS = {
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',
           '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'
    };

    /**
     * Converts an array of characters representing hexidecimal values into an
     * array of bytes of those same values. The returned array will be half the
     * length of the passed array, as it takes two characters to represent any
     * given byte. An exception is thrown if the passed char array has an odd
     * number of elements.
     * 
     * @param data An array of characters containing hexidecimal digits
     * @return A byte array containing binary data decoded from
     *         the supplied char array.
     * @throws DecoderException Thrown if an odd number or illegal of characters 
     *         is supplied
     */
    public static byte[] decodeHex(char[] data) throws DecoderException {

        int len = data.length;

        if ((len & 0x01) != 0) {
            throw new DecoderException("Odd number of characters.");
        }

        byte[] out = new byte[len >> 1];

        // two characters form the hex value.
        for (int i = 0, j = 0; j < len; i++) {
            int f = toDigit(data[j], j) << 4;
            j++;
            f = f | toDigit(data[j], j);
            j++;
            out[i] = (byte) (f & 0xFF);
        }

        return out;
    }

    /**
     * Converts a hexadecimal character to an integer.
     *  
     * @param ch A character to convert to an integer digit
     * @param index The index of the character in the source
     * @return An integer
     * @throws DecoderException Thrown if ch is an illegal hex character
     */
    protected static int toDigit(char ch, int index) throws DecoderException {
        int digit = Character.digit(ch, 16);
        if (digit == -1) {
            throw new DecoderException("Illegal hexadecimal charcter " + ch + " at index " + index);
        }
        return digit;
    }

    /**
     * Converts an array of bytes into an array of characters representing the hexidecimal values of each byte in order.
     * The returned array will be double the length of the passed array, as it takes two characters to represent any
     * given byte.
     * 
     * @param data
     *                  a byte[] to convert to Hex characters
     * @return A char[] containing hexidecimal characters
     */
    public static char[] encodeHex(byte[] data) {

        int l = data.length;

           char[] out = new char[l << 1];

           // two characters form the hex value.
           for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < l; i++) {
               out[j++] = DIGITS[(0xF0 & data[i]) >>> 4 ];
               out[j++] = DIGITS[ 0x0F & data[i] ];
           }

           return out;
    }
    
    /**
     * Converts an array of character bytes representing hexidecimal values into an
     * array of bytes of those same values. The returned array will be half the
     * length of the passed array, as it takes two characters to represent any
     * given byte. An exception is thrown if the passed char array has an odd
     * number of elements.
     * 
     * @param array An array of character bytes containing hexidecimal digits
     * @return A byte array containing binary data decoded from
     *         the supplied byte array (representing characters).
     * @throws DecoderException Thrown if an odd number of characters is supplied
     *                   to this function
     * @see #decodeHex(char[])
     */
    public byte[] decode(byte[] array) throws DecoderException {
        return decodeHex(new String(array).toCharArray());
    }
    
    /**
     * Converts a String or an array of character bytes representing hexidecimal values into an
     * array of bytes of those same values. The returned array will be half the
     * length of the passed String or array, as it takes two characters to represent any
     * given byte. An exception is thrown if the passed char array has an odd
     * number of elements.
     * 
     * @param object A String or, an array of character bytes containing hexidecimal digits
     * @return A byte array containing binary data decoded from
     *         the supplied byte array (representing characters).
     * @throws DecoderException Thrown if an odd number of characters is supplied
     *                   to this function or the object is not a String or char[]
     * @see #decodeHex(char[])
     */
    public Object decode(Object object) throws DecoderException {
        try {
            char[] charArray = object instanceof String ? ((String) object).toCharArray() : (char[]) object;
            return decodeHex(charArray);
        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            throw new DecoderException(e.getMessage());
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Converts an array of bytes into an array of bytes for the characters representing the
     * hexidecimal values of each byte in order. The returned array will be
     * double the length of the passed array, as it takes two characters to
     * represent any given byte.
     *
     * @param array a byte[] to convert to Hex characters
     * @return A byte[] containing the bytes of the hexidecimal characters
     * @see #encodeHex(byte[])
     */
    public byte[] encode(byte[] array) {
        return new String(encodeHex(array)).getBytes();
    }

    /**
     * Converts a String or an array of bytes into an array of characters representing the
     * hexidecimal values of each byte in order. The returned array will be
     * double the length of the passed String or array, as it takes two characters to
     * represent any given byte.
     *
     * @param object a String, or byte[] to convert to Hex characters
     * @return A char[] containing hexidecimal characters
     * @throws EncoderException Thrown if the given object is not a String or byte[]
     * @see #encodeHex(byte[])
     */
    public Object encode(Object object) throws EncoderException {    
        try {
            byte[] byteArray = object instanceof String ? ((String) object).getBytes() : (byte[]) object;
            return encodeHex(byteArray);
        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            throw new EncoderException(e.getMessage());
        }
    }

}