src/bitwise.c - platform/external/libogg - Git at Google

 /********************************************************************
  *                                                                  *
  * THIS FILE IS PART OF THE Ogg CONTAINER SOURCE CODE.              *
  * USE, DISTRIBUTION AND REPRODUCTION OF THIS LIBRARY SOURCE IS     *
  * GOVERNED BY A BSD-STYLE SOURCE LICENSE INCLUDED WITH THIS SOURCE *
  * IN 'COPYING'. PLEASE READ THESE TERMS BEFORE DISTRIBUTING.       *
  *                                                                  *
  * THE OggVorbis SOURCE CODE IS (C) COPYRIGHT 1994-2010             *
  * by the Xiph.Org Foundation http://www.xiph.org/                  *
  *                                                                  *
  ********************************************************************

   function: packing variable sized words into an octet stream
   last mod: $Id: bitwise.c 16993 2010-03-21 23:15:46Z xiphmont $

  ********************************************************************/

 /* We're 'LSb' endian; if we write a word but read individual bits,
    then we'll read the lsb first */

 #include <string.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <ogg/ogg.h>

 #define BUFFER_INCREMENT 256

 static const unsigned long mask[]=
 {0x00000000,0x00000001,0x00000003,0x00000007,0x0000000f,
  0x0000001f,0x0000003f,0x0000007f,0x000000ff,0x000001ff,
  0x000003ff,0x000007ff,0x00000fff,0x00001fff,0x00003fff,
  0x00007fff,0x0000ffff,0x0001ffff,0x0003ffff,0x0007ffff,
  0x000fffff,0x001fffff,0x003fffff,0x007fffff,0x00ffffff,
  0x01ffffff,0x03ffffff,0x07ffffff,0x0fffffff,0x1fffffff,
  0x3fffffff,0x7fffffff,0xffffffff };

 static const unsigned int mask8B[]=
 {0x00,0x80,0xc0,0xe0,0xf0,0xf8,0xfc,0xfe,0xff};

 void oggpack_writeinit(oggpack_buffer *b){
   memset(b,0,sizeof(*b));
   b->ptr=b->buffer=_ogg_malloc(BUFFER_INCREMENT);
   b->buffer[0]='\0';
   b->storage=BUFFER_INCREMENT;
 }

 void oggpackB_writeinit(oggpack_buffer *b){
   oggpack_writeinit(b);
 }

 int oggpack_writecheck(oggpack_buffer *b){
   if(!b->ptr || !b->storage)return -1;
   return 0;
 }

 int oggpackB_writecheck(oggpack_buffer *b){
   return oggpack_writecheck(b);
 }

 void oggpack_writetrunc(oggpack_buffer *b,long bits){
   long bytes=bits>>3;
   if(b->ptr){
     bits-=bytes*8;
     b->ptr=b->buffer+bytes;
     b->endbit=bits;
     b->endbyte=bytes;
     *b->ptr&=mask[bits];
   }
 }

 void oggpackB_writetrunc(oggpack_buffer *b,long bits){
   long bytes=bits>>3;
   if(b->ptr){
     bits-=bytes*8;
     b->ptr=b->buffer+bytes;
     b->endbit=bits;
     b->endbyte=bytes;
     *b->ptr&=mask8B[bits];
   }
 }

 /* Takes only up to 32 bits. */
 void oggpack_write(oggpack_buffer *b,unsigned long value,int bits){
   if(b->endbyte+4>=b->storage){
     void *ret;
     if(!b->ptr)return;
     ret=_ogg_realloc(b->buffer,b->storage+BUFFER_INCREMENT);
     if(!ret){
       oggpack_writeclear(b);
       return;
     }
     b->buffer=ret;
     b->storage+=BUFFER_INCREMENT;
     b->ptr=b->buffer+b->endbyte;
   }

   value&=mask[bits];
   bits+=b->endbit;

   b->ptr[0]|=value<<b->endbit;

   if(bits>=8){
     b->ptr[1]=(unsigned char)(value>>(8-b->endbit));
     if(bits>=16){
       b->ptr[2]=(unsigned char)(value>>(16-b->endbit));
       if(bits>=24){
         b->ptr[3]=(unsigned char)(value>>(24-b->endbit));
         if(bits>=32){
           if(b->endbit)
             b->ptr[4]=(unsigned char)(value>>(32-b->endbit));
           else
             b->ptr[4]=0;
         }
       }
     }
   }

   b->endbyte+=bits/8;
   b->ptr+=bits/8;
   b->endbit=bits&7;
 }

 /* Takes only up to 32 bits. */
 void oggpackB_write(oggpack_buffer *b,unsigned long value,int bits){
   if(b->endbyte+4>=b->storage){
     void *ret;
     if(!b->ptr)return;
     ret=_ogg_realloc(b->buffer,b->storage+BUFFER_INCREMENT);
     if(!ret){
       oggpack_writeclear(b);
       return;
     }
     b->buffer=ret;
     b->storage+=BUFFER_INCREMENT;
     b->ptr=b->buffer+b->endbyte;
   }

   value=(value&mask[bits])<<(32-bits);
   bits+=b->endbit;

   b->ptr[0]|=value>>(24+b->endbit);

   if(bits>=8){
     b->ptr[1]=(unsigned char)(value>>(16+b->endbit));
     if(bits>=16){
       b->ptr[2]=(unsigned char)(value>>(8+b->endbit));
       if(bits>=24){
         b->ptr[3]=(unsigned char)(value>>(b->endbit));
         if(bits>=32){
           if(b->endbit)
             b->ptr[4]=(unsigned char)(value<<(8-b->endbit));
           else
             b->ptr[4]=0;
         }
       }
     }
   }

   b->endbyte+=bits/8;
   b->ptr+=bits/8;
   b->endbit=bits&7;
 }

 void oggpack_writealign(oggpack_buffer *b){
   int bits=8-b->endbit;
   if(bits<8)
     oggpack_write(b,0,bits);
 }

 void oggpackB_writealign(oggpack_buffer *b){
   int bits=8-b->endbit;
   if(bits<8)
     oggpackB_write(b,0,bits);
 }

 static void oggpack_writecopy_helper(oggpack_buffer *b,
                                      void *source,
                                      long bits,
                                      void (*w)(oggpack_buffer *,
                                                unsigned long,
                                                int),
                                      int msb){
   unsigned char *ptr=(unsigned char *)source;

   long bytes=bits/8;
   bits-=bytes*8;

   if(b->endbit){
     int i;
     /* unaligned copy.  Do it the hard way. */
     for(i=0;i<bytes;i++)
       w(b,(unsigned long)(ptr[i]),8);
   }else{
     /* aligned block copy */
     if(b->endbyte+bytes+1>=b->storage){
       void *ret;
       if(!b->ptr)return;
       b->storage=b->endbyte+bytes+BUFFER_INCREMENT;
       ret=_ogg_realloc(b->buffer,b->storage);
       if(!ret){
         oggpack_writeclear(b);
         return;
       }
       b->buffer=ret;
       b->ptr=b->buffer+b->endbyte;
     }

     memmove(b->ptr,source,bytes);
     b->ptr+=bytes;
     b->endbyte+=bytes;
     *b->ptr=0;

   }
   if(bits){
     if(msb)
       w(b,(unsigned long)(ptr[bytes]>>(8-bits)),bits);
     else
       w(b,(unsigned long)(ptr[bytes]),bits);
   }
 }

 void oggpack_writecopy(oggpack_buffer *b,void *source,long bits){
   oggpack_writecopy_helper(b,source,bits,oggpack_write,0);
 }

 void oggpackB_writecopy(oggpack_buffer *b,void *source,long bits){
   oggpack_writecopy_helper(b,source,bits,oggpackB_write,1);
 }

 void oggpack_reset(oggpack_buffer *b){
   if(!b->ptr)return;
   b->ptr=b->buffer;
   b->buffer[0]=0;
   b->endbit=b->endbyte=0;
 }

 void oggpackB_reset(oggpack_buffer *b){
   oggpack_reset(b);
 }

 void oggpack_writeclear(oggpack_buffer *b){
   if(b->buffer)_ogg_free(b->buffer);
   memset(b,0,sizeof(*b));
 }

 void oggpackB_writeclear(oggpack_buffer *b){
   oggpack_writeclear(b);
 }

 void oggpack_readinit(oggpack_buffer *b,unsigned char *buf,int bytes){
   memset(b,0,sizeof(*b));
   b->buffer=b->ptr=buf;
   b->storage=bytes;
 }

 void oggpackB_readinit(oggpack_buffer *b,unsigned char *buf,int bytes){
   oggpack_readinit(b,buf,bytes);
 }

 /* Read in bits without advancing the bitptr; bits <= 32 */
 long oggpack_look(oggpack_buffer *b,int bits){
   unsigned long ret;
   unsigned long m=mask[bits];

   bits+=b->endbit;

   if(b->endbyte+4>=b->storage){
     /* not the main path */
     if(b->endbyte*8+bits>b->storage*8)return(-1);
   }

   ret=b->ptr[0]>>b->endbit;
   if(bits>8){
     ret|=b->ptr[1]<<(8-b->endbit);
     if(bits>16){
       ret|=b->ptr[2]<<(16-b->endbit);
       if(bits>24){
         ret|=b->ptr[3]<<(24-b->endbit);
         if(bits>32 && b->endbit)
           ret|=b->ptr[4]<<(32-b->endbit);
       }
     }
   }
   return(m&ret);
 }

 /* Read in bits without advancing the bitptr; bits <= 32 */
 long oggpackB_look(oggpack_buffer *b,int bits){
   unsigned long ret;
   int m=32-bits;

   bits+=b->endbit;

   if(b->endbyte+4>=b->storage){
     /* not the main path */
     if(b->endbyte*8+bits>b->storage*8)return(-1);
   }

   ret=b->ptr[0]<<(24+b->endbit);
   if(bits>8){
     ret|=b->ptr[1]<<(16+b->endbit);
     if(bits>16){
       ret|=b->ptr[2]<<(8+b->endbit);
       if(bits>24){
         ret|=b->ptr[3]<<(b->endbit);
         if(bits>32 && b->endbit)
           ret|=b->ptr[4]>>(8-b->endbit);
       }
     }
   }
   return ((ret&0xffffffff)>>(m>>1))>>((m+1)>>1);
 }

 long oggpack_look1(oggpack_buffer *b){
   if(b->endbyte>=b->storage)return(-1);
   return((b->ptr[0]>>b->endbit)&1);
 }

 long oggpackB_look1(oggpack_buffer *b){
   if(b->endbyte>=b->storage)return(-1);
   return((b->ptr[0]>>(7-b->endbit))&1);
 }

 void oggpack_adv(oggpack_buffer *b,int bits){
   bits+=b->endbit;
   b->ptr+=bits/8;
   b->endbyte+=bits/8;
   b->endbit=bits&7;
 }

 void oggpackB_adv(oggpack_buffer *b,int bits){
   oggpack_adv(b,bits);
 }

 void oggpack_adv1(oggpack_buffer *b){
   if(++(b->endbit)>7){
     b->endbit=0;
     b->ptr++;
     b->endbyte++;
   }
 }

 void oggpackB_adv1(oggpack_buffer *b){
   oggpack_adv1(b);
 }

 /* bits <= 32 */
 long oggpack_read(oggpack_buffer *b,int bits){
   long ret;
   unsigned long m=mask[bits];

   bits+=b->endbit;

   if(b->endbyte+4>=b->storage){
     /* not the main path */
     ret=-1L;
     if(b->endbyte*8+bits>b->storage*8)goto overflow;
   }

   ret=b->ptr[0]>>b->endbit;
   if(bits>8){
     ret|=b->ptr[1]<<(8-b->endbit);
     if(bits>16){
       ret|=b->ptr[2]<<(16-b->endbit);
       if(bits>24){
         ret|=b->ptr[3]<<(24-b->endbit);
         if(bits>32 && b->endbit){
           ret|=b->ptr[4]<<(32-b->endbit);
         }
       }
     }
   }
   ret&=m;

  overflow:

   b->ptr+=bits/8;
   b->endbyte+=bits/8;
   b->endbit=bits&7;
   return(ret);
 }

 /* bits <= 32 */
 long oggpackB_read(oggpack_buffer *b,int bits){
   long ret;
   long m=32-bits;

   bits+=b->endbit;

   if(b->endbyte+4>=b->storage){
     /* not the main path */
     ret=-1L;
     if(b->endbyte*8+bits>b->storage*8)goto overflow;
     /* special case to avoid reading b->ptr[0], which might be past the end of
         the buffer; also skips some useless accounting */
     else if(!bits)return(0L);
   }

   ret=b->ptr[0]<<(24+b->endbit);
   if(bits>8){
     ret|=b->ptr[1]<<(16+b->endbit);
     if(bits>16){
       ret|=b->ptr[2]<<(8+b->endbit);
       if(bits>24){
         ret|=b->ptr[3]<<(b->endbit);
         if(bits>32 && b->endbit)
           ret|=b->ptr[4]>>(8-b->endbit);
       }
     }
   }
   ret=((ret&0xffffffffUL)>>(m>>1))>>((m+1)>>1);

  overflow:

   b->ptr+=bits/8;
   b->endbyte+=bits/8;
   b->endbit=bits&7;
   return(ret);
 }

 long oggpack_read1(oggpack_buffer *b){
   long ret;

   if(b->endbyte>=b->storage){
     /* not the main path */
     ret=-1L;
     goto overflow;
   }

   ret=(b->ptr[0]>>b->endbit)&1;

  overflow:

   b->endbit++;
   if(b->endbit>7){
     b->endbit=0;
     b->ptr++;
     b->endbyte++;
   }
   return(ret);
 }

 long oggpackB_read1(oggpack_buffer *b){
   long ret;

   if(b->endbyte>=b->storage){
     /* not the main path */
     ret=-1L;
     goto overflow;
   }

   ret=(b->ptr[0]>>(7-b->endbit))&1;

  overflow:

   b->endbit++;
   if(b->endbit>7){
     b->endbit=0;
     b->ptr++;
     b->endbyte++;
   }
   return(ret);
 }

 long oggpack_bytes(oggpack_buffer *b){
   return(b->endbyte+(b->endbit+7)/8);
 }

 long oggpack_bits(oggpack_buffer *b){
   return(b->endbyte*8+b->endbit);
 }

 long oggpackB_bytes(oggpack_buffer *b){
   return oggpack_bytes(b);
 }

 long oggpackB_bits(oggpack_buffer *b){
   return oggpack_bits(b);
 }

 unsigned char *oggpack_get_buffer(oggpack_buffer *b){
   return(b->buffer);
 }

 unsigned char *oggpackB_get_buffer(oggpack_buffer *b){
   return oggpack_get_buffer(b);
 }

 /* Self test of the bitwise routines; everything else is based on
    them, so they damned well better be solid. */

 #ifdef _V_SELFTEST
 #include <stdio.h>

 static int ilog(unsigned int v){
   int ret=0;
   while(v){
     ret++;
     v>>=1;
   }
   return(ret);
 }

 oggpack_buffer o;
 oggpack_buffer r;

 void report(char *in){
   fprintf(stderr,"%s",in);
   exit(1);
 }

 void cliptest(unsigned long *b,int vals,int bits,int *comp,int compsize){
   long bytes,i;
   unsigned char *buffer;

   oggpack_reset(&o);
   for(i=0;i<vals;i++)
     oggpack_write(&o,b[i],bits?bits:ilog(b[i]));
   buffer=oggpack_get_buffer(&o);
   bytes=oggpack_bytes(&o);
   if(bytes!=compsize)report("wrong number of bytes!\n");
   for(i=0;i<bytes;i++)if(buffer[i]!=comp[i]){
     for(i=0;i<bytes;i++)fprintf(stderr,"%x %x\n",(int)buffer[i],(int)comp[i]);
     report("wrote incorrect value!\n");
   }
   oggpack_readinit(&r,buffer,bytes);
   for(i=0;i<vals;i++){
     int tbit=bits?bits:ilog(b[i]);
     if(oggpack_look(&r,tbit)==-1)
       report("out of data!\n");
     if(oggpack_look(&r,tbit)!=(b[i]&mask[tbit]))
       report("looked at incorrect value!\n");
     if(tbit==1)
       if(oggpack_look1(&r)!=(b[i]&mask[tbit]))
         report("looked at single bit incorrect value!\n");
     if(tbit==1){
       if(oggpack_read1(&r)!=(b[i]&mask[tbit]))
         report("read incorrect single bit value!\n");
     }else{
     if(oggpack_read(&r,tbit)!=(b[i]&mask[tbit]))
       report("read incorrect value!\n");
     }
   }
   if(oggpack_bytes(&r)!=bytes)report("leftover bytes after read!\n");
 }

 void cliptestB(unsigned long *b,int vals,int bits,int *comp,int compsize){
   long bytes,i;
   unsigned char *buffer;

   oggpackB_reset(&o);
   for(i=0;i<vals;i++)
     oggpackB_write(&o,b[i],bits?bits:ilog(b[i]));
   buffer=oggpackB_get_buffer(&o);
   bytes=oggpackB_bytes(&o);
   if(bytes!=compsize)report("wrong number of bytes!\n");
   for(i=0;i<bytes;i++)if(buffer[i]!=comp[i]){
     for(i=0;i<bytes;i++)fprintf(stderr,"%x %x\n",(int)buffer[i],(int)comp[i]);
     report("wrote incorrect value!\n");
   }
   oggpackB_readinit(&r,buffer,bytes);
   for(i=0;i<vals;i++){
     int tbit=bits?bits:ilog(b[i]);
     if(oggpackB_look(&r,tbit)==-1)
       report("out of data!\n");
     if(oggpackB_look(&r,tbit)!=(b[i]&mask[tbit]))
       report("looked at incorrect value!\n");
     if(tbit==1)
       if(oggpackB_look1(&r)!=(b[i]&mask[tbit]))
         report("looked at single bit incorrect value!\n");
     if(tbit==1){
       if(oggpackB_read1(&r)!=(b[i]&mask[tbit]))
         report("read incorrect single bit value!\n");
     }else{
     if(oggpackB_read(&r,tbit)!=(b[i]&mask[tbit]))
       report("read incorrect value!\n");
     }
   }
   if(oggpackB_bytes(&r)!=bytes)report("leftover bytes after read!\n");
 }

 int main(void){
   unsigned char *buffer;
   long bytes,i;
   static unsigned long testbuffer1[]=
     {18,12,103948,4325,543,76,432,52,3,65,4,56,32,42,34,21,1,23,32,546,456,7,
        567,56,8,8,55,3,52,342,341,4,265,7,67,86,2199,21,7,1,5,1,4};
   int test1size=43;

   static unsigned long testbuffer2[]=
     {216531625L,1237861823,56732452,131,3212421,12325343,34547562,12313212,
        1233432,534,5,346435231,14436467,7869299,76326614,167548585,
        85525151,0,12321,1,349528352};
   int test2size=21;

   static unsigned long testbuffer3[]=
     {1,0,14,0,1,0,12,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,
        0,1,30,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,12,0,11,0,1,0,0,1};
   int test3size=56;

   static unsigned long large[]=
     {2136531625L,2137861823,56732452,131,3212421,12325343,34547562,12313212,
        1233432,534,5,2146435231,14436467,7869299,76326614,167548585,
        85525151,0,12321,1,2146528352};

   int onesize=33;
   static int one[33]={146,25,44,151,195,15,153,176,233,131,196,65,85,172,47,40,
                     34,242,223,136,35,222,211,86,171,50,225,135,214,75,172,
                     223,4};
   static int oneB[33]={150,101,131,33,203,15,204,216,105,193,156,65,84,85,222,
                        8,139,145,227,126,34,55,244,171,85,100,39,195,173,18,
                        245,251,128};

   int twosize=6;
   static int two[6]={61,255,255,251,231,29};
   static int twoB[6]={247,63,255,253,249,120};

   int threesize=54;
   static int three[54]={169,2,232,252,91,132,156,36,89,13,123,176,144,32,254,
                       142,224,85,59,121,144,79,124,23,67,90,90,216,79,23,83,
                       58,135,196,61,55,129,183,54,101,100,170,37,127,126,10,
                       100,52,4,14,18,86,77,1};
   static int threeB[54]={206,128,42,153,57,8,183,251,13,89,36,30,32,144,183,
                          130,59,240,121,59,85,223,19,228,180,134,33,107,74,98,
                          233,253,196,135,63,2,110,114,50,155,90,127,37,170,104,
                          200,20,254,4,58,106,176,144,0};

   int foursize=38;
   static int four[38]={18,6,163,252,97,194,104,131,32,1,7,82,137,42,129,11,72,
                      132,60,220,112,8,196,109,64,179,86,9,137,195,208,122,169,
                      28,2,133,0,1};
   static int fourB[38]={36,48,102,83,243,24,52,7,4,35,132,10,145,21,2,93,2,41,
                         1,219,184,16,33,184,54,149,170,132,18,30,29,98,229,67,
                         129,10,4,32};

   int fivesize=45;
   static int five[45]={169,2,126,139,144,172,30,4,80,72,240,59,130,218,73,62,
                      241,24,210,44,4,20,0,248,116,49,135,100,110,130,181,169,
                      84,75,159,2,1,0,132,192,8,0,0,18,22};
   static int fiveB[45]={1,84,145,111,245,100,128,8,56,36,40,71,126,78,213,226,
                         124,105,12,0,133,128,0,162,233,242,67,152,77,205,77,
                         172,150,169,129,79,128,0,6,4,32,0,27,9,0};

   int sixsize=7;
   static int six[7]={17,177,170,242,169,19,148};
   static int sixB[7]={136,141,85,79,149,200,41};

   /* Test read/write together */
   /* Later we test against pregenerated bitstreams */
   oggpack_writeinit(&o);

   fprintf(stderr,"\nSmall preclipped packing (LSb): ");
   cliptest(testbuffer1,test1size,0,one,onesize);
   fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

   fprintf(stderr,"\nNull bit call (LSb): ");
   cliptest(testbuffer3,test3size,0,two,twosize);
   fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

   fprintf(stderr,"\nLarge preclipped packing (LSb): ");
   cliptest(testbuffer2,test2size,0,three,threesize);
   fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

   fprintf(stderr,"\n32 bit preclipped packing (LSb): ");
   oggpack_reset(&o);
   for(i=0;i<test2size;i++)
     oggpack_write(&o,large[i],32);
   buffer=oggpack_get_buffer(&o);
   bytes=oggpack_bytes(&o);
   oggpack_readinit(&r,buffer,bytes);
   for(i=0;i<test2size;i++){
     if(oggpack_look(&r,32)==-1)report("out of data. failed!");
     if(oggpack_look(&r,32)!=large[i]){
       fprintf(stderr,"%ld != %ld (%lx!=%lx):",oggpack_look(&r,32),large[i],
               oggpack_look(&r,32),large[i]);
       report("read incorrect value!\n");
     }
     oggpack_adv(&r,32);
   }
   if(oggpack_bytes(&r)!=bytes)report("leftover bytes after read!\n");
   fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

   fprintf(stderr,"\nSmall unclipped packing (LSb): ");
   cliptest(testbuffer1,test1size,7,four,foursize);
   fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

   fprintf(stderr,"\nLarge unclipped packing (LSb): ");
   cliptest(testbuffer2,test2size,17,five,fivesize);
   fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

   fprintf(stderr,"\nSingle bit unclipped packing (LSb): ");
   cliptest(testbuffer3,test3size,1,six,sixsize);
   fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

   fprintf(stderr,"\nTesting read past end (LSb): ");
   oggpack_readinit(&r,"\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0",8);
   for(i=0;i<64;i++){
     if(oggpack_read(&r,1)!=0){
       fprintf(stderr,"failed; got -1 prematurely.\n");
       exit(1);
     }
   }
   if(oggpack_look(&r,1)!=-1 ||
      oggpack_read(&r,1)!=-1){
       fprintf(stderr,"failed; read past end without -1.\n");
       exit(1);
   }
   oggpack_readinit(&r,"\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0",8);
   if(oggpack_read(&r,30)!=0 || oggpack_read(&r,16)!=0){
       fprintf(stderr,"failed 2; got -1 prematurely.\n");
       exit(1);
   }

   if(oggpack_look(&r,18)!=0 ||
      oggpack_look(&r,18)!=0){
     fprintf(stderr,"failed 3; got -1 prematurely.\n");
       exit(1);
   }
   if(oggpack_look(&r,19)!=-1 ||
      oggpack_look(&r,19)!=-1){
     fprintf(stderr,"failed; read past end without -1.\n");
       exit(1);
   }
   if(oggpack_look(&r,32)!=-1 ||
      oggpack_look(&r,32)!=-1){
     fprintf(stderr,"failed; read past end without -1.\n");
       exit(1);
   }
   oggpack_writeclear(&o);
   fprintf(stderr,"ok.\n");

   /********** lazy, cut-n-paste retest with MSb packing ***********/

   /* Test read/write together */
   /* Later we test against pregenerated bitstreams */
   oggpackB_writeinit(&o);

   fprintf(stderr,"\nSmall preclipped packing (MSb): ");
   cliptestB(testbuffer1,test1size,0,oneB,onesize);
   fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

   fprintf(stderr,"\nNull bit call (MSb): ");
   cliptestB(testbuffer3,test3size,0,twoB,twosize);
   fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

   fprintf(stderr,"\nLarge preclipped packing (MSb): ");
   cliptestB(testbuffer2,test2size,0,threeB,threesize);
   fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

   fprintf(stderr,"\n32 bit preclipped packing (MSb): ");
   oggpackB_reset(&o);
   for(i=0;i<test2size;i++)
     oggpackB_write(&o,large[i],32);
   buffer=oggpackB_get_buffer(&o);
   bytes=oggpackB_bytes(&o);
   oggpackB_readinit(&r,buffer,bytes);
   for(i=0;i<test2size;i++){
     if(oggpackB_look(&r,32)==-1)report("out of data. failed!");
     if(oggpackB_look(&r,32)!=large[i]){
       fprintf(stderr,"%ld != %ld (%lx!=%lx):",oggpackB_look(&r,32),large[i],
               oggpackB_look(&r,32),large[i]);
       report("read incorrect value!\n");
     }
     oggpackB_adv(&r,32);
   }
   if(oggpackB_bytes(&r)!=bytes)report("leftover bytes after read!\n");
   fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

   fprintf(stderr,"\nSmall unclipped packing (MSb): ");
   cliptestB(testbuffer1,test1size,7,fourB,foursize);
   fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

   fprintf(stderr,"\nLarge unclipped packing (MSb): ");
   cliptestB(testbuffer2,test2size,17,fiveB,fivesize);
   fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

   fprintf(stderr,"\nSingle bit unclipped packing (MSb): ");
   cliptestB(testbuffer3,test3size,1,sixB,sixsize);
   fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

   fprintf(stderr,"\nTesting read past end (MSb): ");
   oggpackB_readinit(&r,"\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0",8);
   for(i=0;i<64;i++){
     if(oggpackB_read(&r,1)!=0){
       fprintf(stderr,"failed; got -1 prematurely.\n");
       exit(1);
     }
   }
   if(oggpackB_look(&r,1)!=-1 ||
      oggpackB_read(&r,1)!=-1){
       fprintf(stderr,"failed; read past end without -1.\n");
       exit(1);
   }
   oggpackB_readinit(&r,"\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0",8);
   if(oggpackB_read(&r,30)!=0 || oggpackB_read(&r,16)!=0){
       fprintf(stderr,"failed 2; got -1 prematurely.\n");
       exit(1);
   }

   if(oggpackB_look(&r,18)!=0 ||
      oggpackB_look(&r,18)!=0){
     fprintf(stderr,"failed 3; got -1 prematurely.\n");
       exit(1);
   }
   if(oggpackB_look(&r,19)!=-1 ||
      oggpackB_look(&r,19)!=-1){
     fprintf(stderr,"failed; read past end without -1.\n");
       exit(1);
   }
   if(oggpackB_look(&r,32)!=-1 ||
      oggpackB_look(&r,32)!=-1){
     fprintf(stderr,"failed; read past end without -1.\n");
       exit(1);
   }
   oggpackB_writeclear(&o);
   fprintf(stderr,"ok.\n\n");


   return(0);
 }
 #endif  /* _V_SELFTEST */

 #undef BUFFER_INCREMENT
	/********************************************************************
	* *
	* THIS FILE IS PART OF THE Ogg CONTAINER SOURCE CODE. *
	* USE, DISTRIBUTION AND REPRODUCTION OF THIS LIBRARY SOURCE IS *
	* GOVERNED BY A BSD-STYLE SOURCE LICENSE INCLUDED WITH THIS SOURCE *
	* IN 'COPYING'. PLEASE READ THESE TERMS BEFORE DISTRIBUTING. *
	* *
	* THE OggVorbis SOURCE CODE IS (C) COPYRIGHT 1994-2010 *
	* by the Xiph.Org Foundation http://www.xiph.org/ *
	* *
	********************************************************************

	function: packing variable sized words into an octet stream
	last mod: $Id: bitwise.c 16993 2010-03-21 23:15:46Z xiphmont $

	********************************************************************/

	/* We're 'LSb' endian; if we write a word but read individual bits,
	then we'll read the lsb first */

	#include <string.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <ogg/ogg.h>

	#define BUFFER_INCREMENT 256

	static const unsigned long mask[]=
	{0x00000000,0x00000001,0x00000003,0x00000007,0x0000000f,
	0x0000001f,0x0000003f,0x0000007f,0x000000ff,0x000001ff,
	0x000003ff,0x000007ff,0x00000fff,0x00001fff,0x00003fff,
	0x00007fff,0x0000ffff,0x0001ffff,0x0003ffff,0x0007ffff,
	0x000fffff,0x001fffff,0x003fffff,0x007fffff,0x00ffffff,
	0x01ffffff,0x03ffffff,0x07ffffff,0x0fffffff,0x1fffffff,
	0x3fffffff,0x7fffffff,0xffffffff };

	static const unsigned int mask8B[]=
	{0x00,0x80,0xc0,0xe0,0xf0,0xf8,0xfc,0xfe,0xff};

	void oggpack_writeinit(oggpack_buffer *b){
	memset(b,0,sizeof(*b));
	b->ptr=b->buffer=_ogg_malloc(BUFFER_INCREMENT);
	b->buffer[0]='\0';
	b->storage=BUFFER_INCREMENT;
	}

	void oggpackB_writeinit(oggpack_buffer *b){
	oggpack_writeinit(b);
	}

	int oggpack_writecheck(oggpack_buffer *b){
	if(!b->ptr \|\| !b->storage)return -1;
	return 0;
	}

	int oggpackB_writecheck(oggpack_buffer *b){
	return oggpack_writecheck(b);
	}

	void oggpack_writetrunc(oggpack_buffer *b,long bits){
	long bytes=bits>>3;
	if(b->ptr){
	bits-=bytes*8;
	b->ptr=b->buffer+bytes;
	b->endbit=bits;
	b->endbyte=bytes;
	*b->ptr&=mask[bits];
	}
	}

	void oggpackB_writetrunc(oggpack_buffer *b,long bits){
	long bytes=bits>>3;
	if(b->ptr){
	bits-=bytes*8;
	b->ptr=b->buffer+bytes;
	b->endbit=bits;
	b->endbyte=bytes;
	*b->ptr&=mask8B[bits];
	}
	}

	/* Takes only up to 32 bits. */
	void oggpack_write(oggpack_buffer *b,unsigned long value,int bits){
	if(b->endbyte+4>=b->storage){
	void *ret;
	if(!b->ptr)return;
	ret=_ogg_realloc(b->buffer,b->storage+BUFFER_INCREMENT);
	if(!ret){
	oggpack_writeclear(b);
	return;
	}
	b->buffer=ret;
	b->storage+=BUFFER_INCREMENT;
	b->ptr=b->buffer+b->endbyte;
	}

	value&=mask[bits];
	bits+=b->endbit;

	b->ptr[0]\|=value<<b->endbit;

	if(bits>=8){
	b->ptr[1]=(unsigned char)(value>>(8-b->endbit));
	if(bits>=16){
	b->ptr[2]=(unsigned char)(value>>(16-b->endbit));
	if(bits>=24){
	b->ptr[3]=(unsigned char)(value>>(24-b->endbit));
	if(bits>=32){
	if(b->endbit)
	b->ptr[4]=(unsigned char)(value>>(32-b->endbit));
	else
	b->ptr[4]=0;
	}
	}
	}
	}

	b->endbyte+=bits/8;
	b->ptr+=bits/8;
	b->endbit=bits&7;
	}

	/* Takes only up to 32 bits. */
	void oggpackB_write(oggpack_buffer *b,unsigned long value,int bits){
	if(b->endbyte+4>=b->storage){
	void *ret;
	if(!b->ptr)return;
	ret=_ogg_realloc(b->buffer,b->storage+BUFFER_INCREMENT);
	if(!ret){
	oggpack_writeclear(b);
	return;
	}
	b->buffer=ret;
	b->storage+=BUFFER_INCREMENT;
	b->ptr=b->buffer+b->endbyte;
	}

	value=(value&mask[bits])<<(32-bits);
	bits+=b->endbit;

	b->ptr[0]\|=value>>(24+b->endbit);

	if(bits>=8){
	b->ptr[1]=(unsigned char)(value>>(16+b->endbit));
	if(bits>=16){
	b->ptr[2]=(unsigned char)(value>>(8+b->endbit));
	if(bits>=24){
	b->ptr[3]=(unsigned char)(value>>(b->endbit));
	if(bits>=32){
	if(b->endbit)
	b->ptr[4]=(unsigned char)(value<<(8-b->endbit));
	else
	b->ptr[4]=0;
	}
	}
	}
	}

	b->endbyte+=bits/8;
	b->ptr+=bits/8;
	b->endbit=bits&7;
	}

	void oggpack_writealign(oggpack_buffer *b){
	int bits=8-b->endbit;
	if(bits<8)
	oggpack_write(b,0,bits);
	}

	void oggpackB_writealign(oggpack_buffer *b){
	int bits=8-b->endbit;
	if(bits<8)
	oggpackB_write(b,0,bits);
	}

	static void oggpack_writecopy_helper(oggpack_buffer *b,
	void *source,
	long bits,
	void (w)(oggpack_buffer ,
	unsigned long,
	int),
	int msb){
	unsigned char ptr=(unsigned char )source;

	long bytes=bits/8;
	bits-=bytes*8;

	if(b->endbit){
	int i;
	/* unaligned copy. Do it the hard way. */
	for(i=0;i<bytes;i++)
	w(b,(unsigned long)(ptr[i]),8);
	}else{
	/* aligned block copy */
	if(b->endbyte+bytes+1>=b->storage){
	void *ret;
	if(!b->ptr)return;
	b->storage=b->endbyte+bytes+BUFFER_INCREMENT;
	ret=_ogg_realloc(b->buffer,b->storage);
	if(!ret){
	oggpack_writeclear(b);
	return;
	}
	b->buffer=ret;
	b->ptr=b->buffer+b->endbyte;
	}

	memmove(b->ptr,source,bytes);
	b->ptr+=bytes;
	b->endbyte+=bytes;
	*b->ptr=0;

	}
	if(bits){
	if(msb)
	w(b,(unsigned long)(ptr[bytes]>>(8-bits)),bits);
	else
	w(b,(unsigned long)(ptr[bytes]),bits);
	}
	}

	void oggpack_writecopy(oggpack_buffer b,void source,long bits){
	oggpack_writecopy_helper(b,source,bits,oggpack_write,0);
	}

	void oggpackB_writecopy(oggpack_buffer b,void source,long bits){
	oggpack_writecopy_helper(b,source,bits,oggpackB_write,1);
	}

	void oggpack_reset(oggpack_buffer *b){
	if(!b->ptr)return;
	b->ptr=b->buffer;
	b->buffer[0]=0;
	b->endbit=b->endbyte=0;
	}

	void oggpackB_reset(oggpack_buffer *b){
	oggpack_reset(b);
	}

	void oggpack_writeclear(oggpack_buffer *b){
	if(b->buffer)_ogg_free(b->buffer);
	memset(b,0,sizeof(*b));
	}

	void oggpackB_writeclear(oggpack_buffer *b){
	oggpack_writeclear(b);
	}

	void oggpack_readinit(oggpack_buffer b,unsigned char buf,int bytes){
	memset(b,0,sizeof(*b));
	b->buffer=b->ptr=buf;
	b->storage=bytes;
	}

	void oggpackB_readinit(oggpack_buffer b,unsigned char buf,int bytes){
	oggpack_readinit(b,buf,bytes);
	}

	/* Read in bits without advancing the bitptr; bits <= 32 */
	long oggpack_look(oggpack_buffer *b,int bits){
	unsigned long ret;
	unsigned long m=mask[bits];

	bits+=b->endbit;

	if(b->endbyte+4>=b->storage){
	/* not the main path */
	if(b->endbyte8+bits>b->storage8)return(-1);
	}

	ret=b->ptr[0]>>b->endbit;
	if(bits>8){
	ret\|=b->ptr[1]<<(8-b->endbit);
	if(bits>16){
	ret\|=b->ptr[2]<<(16-b->endbit);
	if(bits>24){
	ret\|=b->ptr[3]<<(24-b->endbit);
	if(bits>32 && b->endbit)
	ret\|=b->ptr[4]<<(32-b->endbit);
	}
	}
	}
	return(m&ret);
	}

	/* Read in bits without advancing the bitptr; bits <= 32 */
	long oggpackB_look(oggpack_buffer *b,int bits){
	unsigned long ret;
	int m=32-bits;

	bits+=b->endbit;

	if(b->endbyte+4>=b->storage){
	/* not the main path */
	if(b->endbyte8+bits>b->storage8)return(-1);
	}

	ret=b->ptr[0]<<(24+b->endbit);
	if(bits>8){
	ret\|=b->ptr[1]<<(16+b->endbit);
	if(bits>16){
	ret\|=b->ptr[2]<<(8+b->endbit);
	if(bits>24){
	ret\|=b->ptr[3]<<(b->endbit);
	if(bits>32 && b->endbit)
	ret\|=b->ptr[4]>>(8-b->endbit);
	}
	}
	}
	return ((ret&0xffffffff)>>(m>>1))>>((m+1)>>1);
	}

	long oggpack_look1(oggpack_buffer *b){
	if(b->endbyte>=b->storage)return(-1);
	return((b->ptr[0]>>b->endbit)&1);
	}

	long oggpackB_look1(oggpack_buffer *b){
	if(b->endbyte>=b->storage)return(-1);
	return((b->ptr[0]>>(7-b->endbit))&1);
	}

	void oggpack_adv(oggpack_buffer *b,int bits){
	bits+=b->endbit;
	b->ptr+=bits/8;
	b->endbyte+=bits/8;
	b->endbit=bits&7;
	}

	void oggpackB_adv(oggpack_buffer *b,int bits){
	oggpack_adv(b,bits);
	}

	void oggpack_adv1(oggpack_buffer *b){
	if(++(b->endbit)>7){
	b->endbit=0;
	b->ptr++;
	b->endbyte++;
	}
	}

	void oggpackB_adv1(oggpack_buffer *b){
	oggpack_adv1(b);
	}

	/* bits <= 32 */
	long oggpack_read(oggpack_buffer *b,int bits){
	long ret;
	unsigned long m=mask[bits];

	bits+=b->endbit;

	if(b->endbyte+4>=b->storage){
	/* not the main path */
	ret=-1L;
	if(b->endbyte8+bits>b->storage8)goto overflow;
	}

	ret=b->ptr[0]>>b->endbit;
	if(bits>8){
	ret\|=b->ptr[1]<<(8-b->endbit);
	if(bits>16){
	ret\|=b->ptr[2]<<(16-b->endbit);
	if(bits>24){
	ret\|=b->ptr[3]<<(24-b->endbit);
	if(bits>32 && b->endbit){
	ret\|=b->ptr[4]<<(32-b->endbit);
	}
	}
	}
	}
	ret&=m;

	overflow:

	b->ptr+=bits/8;
	b->endbyte+=bits/8;
	b->endbit=bits&7;
	return(ret);
	}

	/* bits <= 32 */
	long oggpackB_read(oggpack_buffer *b,int bits){
	long ret;
	long m=32-bits;

	bits+=b->endbit;

	if(b->endbyte+4>=b->storage){
	/* not the main path */
	ret=-1L;
	if(b->endbyte8+bits>b->storage8)goto overflow;
	/* special case to avoid reading b->ptr[0], which might be past the end of
	the buffer; also skips some useless accounting */
	else if(!bits)return(0L);
	}

	ret=b->ptr[0]<<(24+b->endbit);
	if(bits>8){
	ret\|=b->ptr[1]<<(16+b->endbit);
	if(bits>16){
	ret\|=b->ptr[2]<<(8+b->endbit);
	if(bits>24){
	ret\|=b->ptr[3]<<(b->endbit);
	if(bits>32 && b->endbit)
	ret\|=b->ptr[4]>>(8-b->endbit);
	}
	}
	}
	ret=((ret&0xffffffffUL)>>(m>>1))>>((m+1)>>1);

	overflow:

	b->ptr+=bits/8;
	b->endbyte+=bits/8;
	b->endbit=bits&7;
	return(ret);
	}

	long oggpack_read1(oggpack_buffer *b){
	long ret;

	if(b->endbyte>=b->storage){
	/* not the main path */
	ret=-1L;
	goto overflow;
	}

	ret=(b->ptr[0]>>b->endbit)&1;

	overflow:

	b->endbit++;
	if(b->endbit>7){
	b->endbit=0;
	b->ptr++;
	b->endbyte++;
	}
	return(ret);
	}

	long oggpackB_read1(oggpack_buffer *b){
	long ret;

	if(b->endbyte>=b->storage){
	/* not the main path */
	ret=-1L;
	goto overflow;
	}

	ret=(b->ptr[0]>>(7-b->endbit))&1;

	overflow:

	b->endbit++;
	if(b->endbit>7){
	b->endbit=0;
	b->ptr++;
	b->endbyte++;
	}
	return(ret);
	}

	long oggpack_bytes(oggpack_buffer *b){
	return(b->endbyte+(b->endbit+7)/8);
	}

	long oggpack_bits(oggpack_buffer *b){
	return(b->endbyte*8+b->endbit);
	}

	long oggpackB_bytes(oggpack_buffer *b){
	return oggpack_bytes(b);
	}

	long oggpackB_bits(oggpack_buffer *b){
	return oggpack_bits(b);
	}

	unsigned char oggpack_get_buffer(oggpack_buffer b){
	return(b->buffer);
	}

	unsigned char oggpackB_get_buffer(oggpack_buffer b){
	return oggpack_get_buffer(b);
	}

	/* Self test of the bitwise routines; everything else is based on
	them, so they damned well better be solid. */

	#ifdef _V_SELFTEST
	#include <stdio.h>

	static int ilog(unsigned int v){
	int ret=0;
	while(v){
	ret++;
	v>>=1;
	}
	return(ret);
	}

	oggpack_buffer o;
	oggpack_buffer r;

	void report(char *in){
	fprintf(stderr,"%s",in);
	exit(1);
	}

	void cliptest(unsigned long b,int vals,int bits,int comp,int compsize){
	long bytes,i;
	unsigned char *buffer;

	oggpack_reset(&o);
	for(i=0;i<vals;i++)
	oggpack_write(&o,b[i],bits?bits:ilog(b[i]));
	buffer=oggpack_get_buffer(&o);
	bytes=oggpack_bytes(&o);
	if(bytes!=compsize)report("wrong number of bytes!\n");
	for(i=0;i<bytes;i++)if(buffer[i]!=comp[i]){
	for(i=0;i<bytes;i++)fprintf(stderr,"%x %x\n",(int)buffer[i],(int)comp[i]);
	report("wrote incorrect value!\n");
	}
	oggpack_readinit(&r,buffer,bytes);
	for(i=0;i<vals;i++){
	int tbit=bits?bits:ilog(b[i]);
	if(oggpack_look(&r,tbit)==-1)
	report("out of data!\n");
	if(oggpack_look(&r,tbit)!=(b[i]&mask[tbit]))
	report("looked at incorrect value!\n");
	if(tbit==1)
	if(oggpack_look1(&r)!=(b[i]&mask[tbit]))
	report("looked at single bit incorrect value!\n");
	if(tbit==1){
	if(oggpack_read1(&r)!=(b[i]&mask[tbit]))
	report("read incorrect single bit value!\n");
	}else{
	if(oggpack_read(&r,tbit)!=(b[i]&mask[tbit]))
	report("read incorrect value!\n");
	}
	}
	if(oggpack_bytes(&r)!=bytes)report("leftover bytes after read!\n");
	}

	void cliptestB(unsigned long b,int vals,int bits,int comp,int compsize){
	long bytes,i;
	unsigned char *buffer;

	oggpackB_reset(&o);
	for(i=0;i<vals;i++)
	oggpackB_write(&o,b[i],bits?bits:ilog(b[i]));
	buffer=oggpackB_get_buffer(&o);
	bytes=oggpackB_bytes(&o);
	if(bytes!=compsize)report("wrong number of bytes!\n");
	for(i=0;i<bytes;i++)if(buffer[i]!=comp[i]){
	for(i=0;i<bytes;i++)fprintf(stderr,"%x %x\n",(int)buffer[i],(int)comp[i]);
	report("wrote incorrect value!\n");
	}
	oggpackB_readinit(&r,buffer,bytes);
	for(i=0;i<vals;i++){
	int tbit=bits?bits:ilog(b[i]);
	if(oggpackB_look(&r,tbit)==-1)
	report("out of data!\n");
	if(oggpackB_look(&r,tbit)!=(b[i]&mask[tbit]))
	report("looked at incorrect value!\n");
	if(tbit==1)
	if(oggpackB_look1(&r)!=(b[i]&mask[tbit]))
	report("looked at single bit incorrect value!\n");
	if(tbit==1){
	if(oggpackB_read1(&r)!=(b[i]&mask[tbit]))
	report("read incorrect single bit value!\n");
	}else{
	if(oggpackB_read(&r,tbit)!=(b[i]&mask[tbit]))
	report("read incorrect value!\n");
	}
	}
	if(oggpackB_bytes(&r)!=bytes)report("leftover bytes after read!\n");
	}

	int main(void){
	unsigned char *buffer;
	long bytes,i;
	static unsigned long testbuffer1[]=
	{18,12,103948,4325,543,76,432,52,3,65,4,56,32,42,34,21,1,23,32,546,456,7,
	567,56,8,8,55,3,52,342,341,4,265,7,67,86,2199,21,7,1,5,1,4};
	int test1size=43;

	static unsigned long testbuffer2[]=
	{216531625L,1237861823,56732452,131,3212421,12325343,34547562,12313212,
	1233432,534,5,346435231,14436467,7869299,76326614,167548585,
	85525151,0,12321,1,349528352};
	int test2size=21;

	static unsigned long testbuffer3[]=
	{1,0,14,0,1,0,12,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,
	0,1,30,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,12,0,11,0,1,0,0,1};
	int test3size=56;

	static unsigned long large[]=
	{2136531625L,2137861823,56732452,131,3212421,12325343,34547562,12313212,
	1233432,534,5,2146435231,14436467,7869299,76326614,167548585,
	85525151,0,12321,1,2146528352};

	int onesize=33;
	static int one[33]={146,25,44,151,195,15,153,176,233,131,196,65,85,172,47,40,
	34,242,223,136,35,222,211,86,171,50,225,135,214,75,172,
	223,4};
	static int oneB[33]={150,101,131,33,203,15,204,216,105,193,156,65,84,85,222,
	8,139,145,227,126,34,55,244,171,85,100,39,195,173,18,
	245,251,128};

	int twosize=6;
	static int two[6]={61,255,255,251,231,29};
	static int twoB[6]={247,63,255,253,249,120};

	int threesize=54;
	static int three[54]={169,2,232,252,91,132,156,36,89,13,123,176,144,32,254,
	142,224,85,59,121,144,79,124,23,67,90,90,216,79,23,83,
	58,135,196,61,55,129,183,54,101,100,170,37,127,126,10,
	100,52,4,14,18,86,77,1};
	static int threeB[54]={206,128,42,153,57,8,183,251,13,89,36,30,32,144,183,
	130,59,240,121,59,85,223,19,228,180,134,33,107,74,98,
	233,253,196,135,63,2,110,114,50,155,90,127,37,170,104,
	200,20,254,4,58,106,176,144,0};

	int foursize=38;
	static int four[38]={18,6,163,252,97,194,104,131,32,1,7,82,137,42,129,11,72,
	132,60,220,112,8,196,109,64,179,86,9,137,195,208,122,169,
	28,2,133,0,1};
	static int fourB[38]={36,48,102,83,243,24,52,7,4,35,132,10,145,21,2,93,2,41,
	1,219,184,16,33,184,54,149,170,132,18,30,29,98,229,67,
	129,10,4,32};

	int fivesize=45;
	static int five[45]={169,2,126,139,144,172,30,4,80,72,240,59,130,218,73,62,
	241,24,210,44,4,20,0,248,116,49,135,100,110,130,181,169,
	84,75,159,2,1,0,132,192,8,0,0,18,22};
	static int fiveB[45]={1,84,145,111,245,100,128,8,56,36,40,71,126,78,213,226,
	124,105,12,0,133,128,0,162,233,242,67,152,77,205,77,
	172,150,169,129,79,128,0,6,4,32,0,27,9,0};

	int sixsize=7;
	static int six[7]={17,177,170,242,169,19,148};
	static int sixB[7]={136,141,85,79,149,200,41};

	/* Test read/write together */
	/* Later we test against pregenerated bitstreams */
	oggpack_writeinit(&o);

	fprintf(stderr,"\nSmall preclipped packing (LSb): ");
	cliptest(testbuffer1,test1size,0,one,onesize);
	fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

	fprintf(stderr,"\nNull bit call (LSb): ");
	cliptest(testbuffer3,test3size,0,two,twosize);
	fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

	fprintf(stderr,"\nLarge preclipped packing (LSb): ");
	cliptest(testbuffer2,test2size,0,three,threesize);
	fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

	fprintf(stderr,"\n32 bit preclipped packing (LSb): ");
	oggpack_reset(&o);
	for(i=0;i<test2size;i++)
	oggpack_write(&o,large[i],32);
	buffer=oggpack_get_buffer(&o);
	bytes=oggpack_bytes(&o);
	oggpack_readinit(&r,buffer,bytes);
	for(i=0;i<test2size;i++){
	if(oggpack_look(&r,32)==-1)report("out of data. failed!");
	if(oggpack_look(&r,32)!=large[i]){
	fprintf(stderr,"%ld != %ld (%lx!=%lx):",oggpack_look(&r,32),large[i],
	oggpack_look(&r,32),large[i]);
	report("read incorrect value!\n");
	}
	oggpack_adv(&r,32);
	}
	if(oggpack_bytes(&r)!=bytes)report("leftover bytes after read!\n");
	fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

	fprintf(stderr,"\nSmall unclipped packing (LSb): ");
	cliptest(testbuffer1,test1size,7,four,foursize);
	fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

	fprintf(stderr,"\nLarge unclipped packing (LSb): ");
	cliptest(testbuffer2,test2size,17,five,fivesize);
	fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

	fprintf(stderr,"\nSingle bit unclipped packing (LSb): ");
	cliptest(testbuffer3,test3size,1,six,sixsize);
	fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

	fprintf(stderr,"\nTesting read past end (LSb): ");
	oggpack_readinit(&r,"\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0",8);
	for(i=0;i<64;i++){
	if(oggpack_read(&r,1)!=0){
	fprintf(stderr,"failed; got -1 prematurely.\n");
	exit(1);
	}
	}
	if(oggpack_look(&r,1)!=-1 \|\|
	oggpack_read(&r,1)!=-1){
	fprintf(stderr,"failed; read past end without -1.\n");
	exit(1);
	}
	oggpack_readinit(&r,"\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0",8);
	if(oggpack_read(&r,30)!=0 \|\| oggpack_read(&r,16)!=0){
	fprintf(stderr,"failed 2; got -1 prematurely.\n");
	exit(1);
	}

	if(oggpack_look(&r,18)!=0 \|\|
	oggpack_look(&r,18)!=0){
	fprintf(stderr,"failed 3; got -1 prematurely.\n");
	exit(1);
	}
	if(oggpack_look(&r,19)!=-1 \|\|
	oggpack_look(&r,19)!=-1){
	fprintf(stderr,"failed; read past end without -1.\n");
	exit(1);
	}
	if(oggpack_look(&r,32)!=-1 \|\|
	oggpack_look(&r,32)!=-1){
	fprintf(stderr,"failed; read past end without -1.\n");
	exit(1);
	}
	oggpack_writeclear(&o);
	fprintf(stderr,"ok.\n");

	/******** lazy, cut-n-paste retest with MSb packing *********/

	/* Test read/write together */
	/* Later we test against pregenerated bitstreams */
	oggpackB_writeinit(&o);

	fprintf(stderr,"\nSmall preclipped packing (MSb): ");
	cliptestB(testbuffer1,test1size,0,oneB,onesize);
	fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

	fprintf(stderr,"\nNull bit call (MSb): ");
	cliptestB(testbuffer3,test3size,0,twoB,twosize);
	fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

	fprintf(stderr,"\nLarge preclipped packing (MSb): ");
	cliptestB(testbuffer2,test2size,0,threeB,threesize);
	fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

	fprintf(stderr,"\n32 bit preclipped packing (MSb): ");
	oggpackB_reset(&o);
	for(i=0;i<test2size;i++)
	oggpackB_write(&o,large[i],32);
	buffer=oggpackB_get_buffer(&o);
	bytes=oggpackB_bytes(&o);
	oggpackB_readinit(&r,buffer,bytes);
	for(i=0;i<test2size;i++){
	if(oggpackB_look(&r,32)==-1)report("out of data. failed!");
	if(oggpackB_look(&r,32)!=large[i]){
	fprintf(stderr,"%ld != %ld (%lx!=%lx):",oggpackB_look(&r,32),large[i],
	oggpackB_look(&r,32),large[i]);
	report("read incorrect value!\n");
	}
	oggpackB_adv(&r,32);
	}
	if(oggpackB_bytes(&r)!=bytes)report("leftover bytes after read!\n");
	fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

	fprintf(stderr,"\nSmall unclipped packing (MSb): ");
	cliptestB(testbuffer1,test1size,7,fourB,foursize);
	fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

	fprintf(stderr,"\nLarge unclipped packing (MSb): ");
	cliptestB(testbuffer2,test2size,17,fiveB,fivesize);
	fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

	fprintf(stderr,"\nSingle bit unclipped packing (MSb): ");
	cliptestB(testbuffer3,test3size,1,sixB,sixsize);
	fprintf(stderr,"ok.");

	fprintf(stderr,"\nTesting read past end (MSb): ");
	oggpackB_readinit(&r,"\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0",8);
	for(i=0;i<64;i++){
	if(oggpackB_read(&r,1)!=0){
	fprintf(stderr,"failed; got -1 prematurely.\n");
	exit(1);
	}
	}
	if(oggpackB_look(&r,1)!=-1 \|\|
	oggpackB_read(&r,1)!=-1){
	fprintf(stderr,"failed; read past end without -1.\n");
	exit(1);
	}
	oggpackB_readinit(&r,"\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0",8);
	if(oggpackB_read(&r,30)!=0 \|\| oggpackB_read(&r,16)!=0){
	fprintf(stderr,"failed 2; got -1 prematurely.\n");
	exit(1);
	}

	if(oggpackB_look(&r,18)!=0 \|\|
	oggpackB_look(&r,18)!=0){
	fprintf(stderr,"failed 3; got -1 prematurely.\n");
	exit(1);
	}
	if(oggpackB_look(&r,19)!=-1 \|\|
	oggpackB_look(&r,19)!=-1){
	fprintf(stderr,"failed; read past end without -1.\n");
	exit(1);
	}
	if(oggpackB_look(&r,32)!=-1 \|\|
	oggpackB_look(&r,32)!=-1){
	fprintf(stderr,"failed; read past end without -1.\n");
	exit(1);
	}
	oggpackB_writeclear(&o);
	fprintf(stderr,"ok.\n\n");


	return(0);
	}
	#endif /* _V_SELFTEST */

	#undef BUFFER_INCREMENT