opcontrol/opcontrol.cpp - platform/external/oprofile - Git at Google

 /*
  * Copyright 2008, The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */

 /*
  * Binary implementation of the original opcontrol script due to missing tools
  * like awk, test, etc.
  */

 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <getopt.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>

 #include "op_config.h"

 #define verbose(fmt...) if (verbose_print) printf(fmt)

 /* Experiments found that using a small interval may hang the device, and the
  * more events tracked simultaneously, the longer the interval has to be.
  */

 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
 #define MAX_EVENTS 2
 int min_count[MAX_EVENTS] = {60000, 100000};
 #elif !defined(WITH_ARM_V7_A)
 #define MAX_EVENTS 3
 int min_count[MAX_EVENTS] = {150000, 200000, 250000};
 #else
 #define MAX_EVENTS 5
 int min_count[MAX_EVENTS] = {150000, 20000, 25000, 30000, 35000};
 #endif

 int verbose_print;
 int list_events;
 int show_usage;
 int setup;
 int quick;
 int timer;
 int num_events;
 int start;
 int stop;
 int reset;

 int selected_events[MAX_EVENTS];
 int selected_counts[MAX_EVENTS];

 char callgraph[8];
 char kernel_range[512];
 char vmlinux[512];

 struct option long_options[] = {
     {"help", 0, &show_usage, 1},
     {"list-events", 0, &list_events, 1},
     {"reset", 0, &reset, 1},
     {"setup", 0, &setup, 1},
     {"quick", 0, &quick, 1},
     {"timer", 0, &timer, 1},
     {"callgraph", 1, 0, 'c'},
     {"event", 1, 0, 'e'},
     {"vmlinux", 1, 0, 'v'},
     {"kernel-range", 1, 0, 'r'},
     {"start", 0, &start, 1},
     {"stop", 0, &stop, 1},
     {"dump", 0, 0, 'd'},
     {"shutdown", 0, 0, 'h'},
     {"status", 0, 0, 't'},
     {"verbose", 0, 0, 'V'},
     {0, 0, 0, 0},
 };

 struct event_info {
     int id;
     int um;
     const char *name;
     const char *explanation;
 } event_info[] = {
 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
     /* INTEL_ARCH_PERFMON events */

     /* 0x3c counters:cpuid um:zero minimum:6000 filter:0 name:CPU_CLK_UNHALTED :
      * Clock cycles when not halted
      */
     {0x3c, 0, "CPU_CLK_UNHALTED",
      "Clock cycles when not halted" },

     /* event:0x3c counters:cpuid um:one minimum:6000 filter:2 name:UNHALTED_REFERENCE_CYCLES :
      * Unhalted reference cycles
      */
     {0x3c, 1, "UNHALTED_REFERENCE_CYCLES",
       "Unhalted reference cycles" },

     /* event:0xc0 counters:cpuid um:zero minimum:6000 filter:1 name:INST_RETIRED :
      * number of instructions retired
      */
      {0xc0, 0, "INST_RETIRED",
        "number of instructions retired"},

     /* event:0x2e counters:cpuid um:x41 minimum:6000 filter:5 name:LLC_MISSES :
      * Last level cache demand requests from this core that missed the LLC
      */
      {0x2e, 0x41, "LLC_MISSES",
        "Last level cache demand requests from this core that missed the LLC"},

     /* event:0x2e counters:cpuid um:x4f minimum:6000 filter:4 name:LLC_REFS :
      * Last level cache demand requests from this core
      */
      {0x2e, 0x4f, "LLC_REFS",
       "Last level cache demand requests from this core"},

     /* event:0xc4 counters:cpuid um:zero minimum:500 filter:6 name:BR_INST_RETIRED :
      * number of branch instructions retired
      */
      {0xc4, 0, "BR_INST_RETIRED",
        "number of branch instructions retired"},

     /* event:0xc5 counters:cpuid um:zero minimum:500 filter:7 name:BR_MISS_PRED_RETIRED :
      * number of mispredicted branches retired (precise)
      */
      {0xc5, 0, "BR_MISS_PRED_RETIRED",
        "number of mispredicted branches retired (precise)"},

 #elif !defined(WITH_ARM_V7_A)
     /* ARM V6 events */
     {0x00, 0, "IFU_IFETCH_MISS",
      "number of instruction fetch misses"},
     {0x01, 0, "CYCLES_IFU_MEM_STALL",
      "cycles instruction fetch pipe is stalled"},
     {0x02, 0, "CYCLES_DATA_STALL",
      "cycles stall occurs for due to data dependency"},
     {0x03, 0, "ITLB_MISS",
      "number of Instruction MicroTLB misses"},
     {0x04, 0, "DTLB_MISS",
      "number of Data MicroTLB misses"},
     {0x05, 0, "BR_INST_EXECUTED",
      "branch instruction executed w/ or w/o program flow change"},
     {0x06, 0, "BR_INST_MISS_PRED",
      "branch mispredicted"},
     {0x07, 0, "INSN_EXECUTED",
      "instructions executed"},
     {0x09, 0, "DCACHE_ACCESS",
      "data cache access, cacheable locations"},
     {0x0a, 0, "DCACHE_ACCESS_ALL",
      "data cache access, all locations"},
     {0x0b, 0, "DCACHE_MISS",
      "data cache miss"},
     {0x0c, 0, "DCACHE_WB",
      "data cache writeback, 1 event for every half cacheline"},
     {0x0d, 0, "PC_CHANGE",
      "number of times the program counter was changed without a mode switch"},
     {0x0f, 0, "TLB_MISS",
      "Main TLB miss"},
     {0x10, 0, "EXP_EXTERNAL",
      "Explicit external data access"},
     {0x11, 0, "LSU_STALL",
      "cycles stalled because Load Store request queue is full"},
     {0x12, 0, "WRITE_DRAIN",
      "Times write buffer was drained"},
     {0xff, 0, "CPU_CYCLES",
      "clock cycles counter"},
 #else
     /* ARM V7 events */
     {0x00, 0, "PMNC_SW_INCR",
      "Software increment of PMNC registers"},
     {0x01, 0, "IFETCH_MISS",
      "Instruction fetch misses from cache or normal cacheable memory"},
     {0x02, 0, "ITLB_MISS",
      "Instruction fetch misses from TLB"},
     {0x03, 0, "DCACHE_REFILL",
      "Data R/W operation that causes a refill from cache or normal cacheable"
      "memory"},
     {0x04, 0, "DCACHE_ACCESS",
      "Data R/W from cache"},
     {0x05, 0, "DTLB_REFILL",
      "Data R/W that causes a TLB refill"},
     {0x06, 0, "DREAD",
      "Data read architecturally executed (note: architecturally executed = for"
      "instructions that are unconditional or that pass the condition code)"},
     {0x07, 0, "DWRITE",
      "Data write architecturally executed"},
     {0x08, 0, "INSTR_EXECUTED",
      "All executed instructions"},
     {0x09, 0, "EXC_TAKEN",
      "Exception taken"},
     {0x0A, 0, "EXC_EXECUTED",
      "Exception return architecturally executed"},
     {0x0B, 0, "CID_WRITE",
      "Instruction that writes to the Context ID Register architecturally"
      "executed"},
     {0x0C, 0, "PC_WRITE",
      "SW change of PC, architecturally executed (not by exceptions)"},
     {0x0D, 0, "PC_IMM_BRANCH",
      "Immediate branch instruction executed (taken or not)"},
     {0x0E, 0, "PC_PROC_RETURN",
      "Procedure return architecturally executed (not by exceptions)"},
     {0x0F, 0, "UNALIGNED_ACCESS",
      "Unaligned access architecturally executed"},
     {0x10, 0, "PC_BRANCH_MIS_PRED",
      "Branch mispredicted or not predicted. Counts pipeline flushes because of"
      "misprediction"},
     {0x12, 0, "PC_BRANCH_MIS_USED",
     "Branch or change in program flow that could have been predicted"},
     {0x40, 0, "WRITE_BUFFER_FULL",
      "Any write buffer full cycle"},
     {0x41, 0, "L2_STORE_MERGED",
      "Any store that is merged in L2 cache"},
     {0x42, 0, "L2_STORE_BUFF",
      "Any bufferable store from load/store to L2 cache"},
     {0x43, 0, "L2_ACCESS",
      "Any access to L2 cache"},
     {0x44, 0, "L2_CACH_MISS",
      "Any cacheable miss in L2 cache"},
     {0x45, 0, "AXI_READ_CYCLES",
      "Number of cycles for an active AXI read"},
     {0x46, 0, "AXI_WRITE_CYCLES",
      "Number of cycles for an active AXI write"},
     {0x47, 0, "MEMORY_REPLAY",
      "Any replay event in the memory subsystem"},
     {0x48, 0, "UNALIGNED_ACCESS_REPLAY",
      "Unaligned access that causes a replay"},
     {0x49, 0, "L1_DATA_MISS",
      "L1 data cache miss as a result of the hashing algorithm"},
     {0x4A, 0, "L1_INST_MISS",
      "L1 instruction cache miss as a result of the hashing algorithm"},
     {0x4B, 0, "L1_DATA_COLORING",
      "L1 data access in which a page coloring alias occurs"},
     {0x4C, 0, "L1_NEON_DATA",
      "NEON data access that hits L1 cache"},
     {0x4D, 0, "L1_NEON_CACH_DATA",
      "NEON cacheable data access that hits L1 cache"},
     {0x4E, 0, "L2_NEON",
      "L2 access as a result of NEON memory access"},
     {0x4F, 0, "L2_NEON_HIT",
      "Any NEON hit in L2 cache"},
     {0x50, 0, "L1_INST",
      "Any L1 instruction cache access, excluding CP15 cache accesses"},
     {0x51, 0, "PC_RETURN_MIS_PRED",
      "Return stack misprediction at return stack pop"
      "(incorrect target address)"},
     {0x52, 0, "PC_BRANCH_FAILED",
      "Branch prediction misprediction"},
     {0x53, 0, "PC_BRANCH_TAKEN",
      "Any predicted branch that is taken"},
     {0x54, 0, "PC_BRANCH_EXECUTED",
      "Any taken branch that is executed"},
     {0x55, 0, "OP_EXECUTED",
      "Number of operations executed"
      "(in instruction or mutli-cycle instruction)"},
     {0x56, 0, "CYCLES_INST_STALL",
      "Cycles where no instruction available"},
     {0x57, 0, "CYCLES_INST",
      "Number of instructions issued in a cycle"},
     {0x58, 0, "CYCLES_NEON_DATA_STALL",
      "Number of cycles the processor waits on MRC data from NEON"},
     {0x59, 0, "CYCLES_NEON_INST_STALL",
      "Number of cycles the processor waits on NEON instruction queue or"
      "NEON load queue"},
     {0x5A, 0, "NEON_CYCLES",
      "Number of cycles NEON and integer processors are not idle"},
     {0x70, 0, "PMU0_EVENTS",
      "Number of events from external input source PMUEXTIN[0]"},
     {0x71, 0, "PMU1_EVENTS",
      "Number of events from external input source PMUEXTIN[1]"},
     {0x72, 0, "PMU_EVENTS",
      "Number of events from both external input sources PMUEXTIN[0]"
      "and PMUEXTIN[1]"},
     {0xFF, 0, "CPU_CYCLES",
      "Number of CPU cycles"},
 #endif
 };

 void usage()
 {
     printf("\nopcontrol: usage:\n"
            "   --list-events    list event types\n"
            "   --help           this message\n"
            "   --verbose        show extra status\n"
            "   --setup          setup directories\n"
 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
            "   --quick          setup and select CPU_CLK_UNHALTED:60000\n"
 #else
            "   --quick          setup and select CPU_CYCLES:150000\n"
 #endif
            "   --timer          timer-based profiling\n"
            "   --status         show configuration\n"
            "   --start          start data collection\n"
            "   --stop           stop data collection\n"
            "   --reset          clears out data from current session\n"
            "   --shutdown       kill the oprofile daeman\n"
            "   --callgraph=depth callgraph depth\n"
            "   --event=eventspec\n"
            "      Choose an event. May be specified multiple times.\n"
            "      eventspec is in the form of name[:count], where :\n"
            "        name:  event name, see \"opcontrol --list-events\"\n"
            "        count: reset counter value\n"
            "   --vmlinux=file   vmlinux kernel image\n"
            "   --kernel-range=start,end\n"
            "                    kernel range vma address in hexadecimal\n"
           );
 }

 void setup_session_dir()
 {
     int fd;

     fd = open(OP_DATA_DIR, O_RDONLY);
     if (fd != -1) {
         system("rm -r "OP_DATA_DIR);
         close(fd);
     }

     if (mkdir(OP_DATA_DIR, 755)) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Cannot create directory \"%s\": %s\n",
                 OP_DATA_DIR, strerror(errno));
     }
     if (mkdir(OP_DATA_DIR"/samples", 644)) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Cannot create directory \"%s\": %s\n",
                 OP_DATA_DIR"/samples", strerror(errno));
     }
 }

 int do_setup()
 {
     char dir[1024];

     setup_session_dir();

     if (mkdir(OP_DRIVER_BASE, 644)) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Cannot create directory "OP_DRIVER_BASE": %s\n",
                 strerror(errno));
         return -1;
     }
     if (system("mount -t oprofilefs nodev "OP_DRIVER_BASE)) {
         return -1;
     }
     return 0;
 }

 void do_list_events()
 {
     unsigned int i;

     printf("%-20s: %s\n", "name", "meaning");
     printf("----------------------------------------"
            "--------------------------------------\n");
     for (i = 0; i < sizeof(event_info)/sizeof(struct event_info); i++) {
         printf("%-20s: %s\n", event_info[i].name, event_info[i].explanation);
     }
 }

 int find_event_idx_from_name(const char *name)
 {
     unsigned int i;

     for (i = 0; i < sizeof(event_info)/sizeof(struct event_info); i++) {
         if (!strcmp(name, event_info[i].name)) {
             return i;
         }
     }
     return -1;
 }

 const char * find_event_name_from_id(int id)
 {
     unsigned int i;

     for (i = 0; i < sizeof(event_info)/sizeof(struct event_info); i++) {
         if (event_info[i].id == id) {
             return event_info[i].name;
         }
     }
     return NULL;
 }

 int process_event(const char *event_spec)
 {
     char event_name[512];
     char count_name[512];
     unsigned int i;
     int event_idx;
     int count_val;

     strncpy(event_name, event_spec, 512);
     count_name[0] = 0;

     /* First, check if the name is followed by ":" */
     for (i = 0; i < strlen(event_name); i++) {
         if (event_name[i] == 0) {
             break;
         }
         if (event_name[i] == ':') {
             strncpy(count_name, event_name+i+1, 512);
             event_name[i] = 0;
             break;
         }
     }
     event_idx = find_event_idx_from_name(event_name);
     if (event_idx == -1) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Unknown event name: %s\n", event_name);
         return -1;
     }

     /* Use defualt count */
     if (count_name[0] == 0) {
         count_val = min_count[0];
     } else {
         count_val = atoi(count_name);
     }

     selected_events[num_events] = event_idx;
     selected_counts[num_events++] = count_val;
     verbose("event_id is %d\n", event_info[event_idx].id);
     verbose("count_val is %d\n", count_val);
     return 0;
 }

 int echo_dev(const char* str, int val, const char* file, int counter)
 {
     char fullname[512];
     char content[128];
     int fd;

     if (counter >= 0) {
         snprintf(fullname, 512, OP_DRIVER_BASE"/%d/%s", counter, file);
     }
     else {
         snprintf(fullname, 512, OP_DRIVER_BASE"/%s", file);
     }
     fd = open(fullname, O_WRONLY);
     if (fd<0) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open %s: %s\n", fullname, strerror(errno));
         return fd;
     }
     if (str == 0) {
         sprintf(content, "%d", val);
     }
     else {
         strncpy(content, str, 128);
     }
     verbose("Configure %s (%s)\n", fullname, content);
     write(fd, content, strlen(content));
     close(fd);
     return 0;
 }

 int read_num(const char* file)
 {
     char buffer[256];
     int fd = open(file, O_RDONLY);
     if (fd<0) return -1;
     int rd = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
     buffer[rd] = 0;
     return atoi(buffer);
 }

 void do_status()
 {
     int num;
     char fullname[512];
     int i;

     printf("Driver directory: %s\n", OP_DRIVER_BASE);
     printf("Session directory: %s\n", OP_DATA_DIR);
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTS; i++) {
         sprintf(fullname, OP_DRIVER_BASE"/%d/enabled", i);
         num = read_num(fullname);
         if (num > 0) {
             printf("Counter %d:\n", i);

             /* event name */
             sprintf(fullname, OP_DRIVER_BASE"/%d/event", i);
             num = read_num(fullname);
             printf("    name: %s\n", find_event_name_from_id(num));

             /* profile interval */
             sprintf(fullname, OP_DRIVER_BASE"/%d/count", i);
             num = read_num(fullname);
             printf("    count: %d\n", num);
         }
         else {
             printf("Counter %d disabled\n", i);
         }
     }

     num = read_num(OP_DATA_DIR"/lock");
     if (num >= 0) {
         int fd;
         /* Still needs to check if this lock is left-over */
         sprintf(fullname, "/proc/%d", num);
         fd = open(fullname, O_RDONLY);
         if (fd == -1) {
             printf("Session directory is not clean - do \"opcontrol --setup\""
                    " before you continue\n");
             return;
         }
         else {
             close(fd);
             printf("oprofiled pid: %d\n", num);
             num = read_num(OP_DRIVER_BASE"/enable");
             printf("profiler is%s running\n", num == 0 ? " not" : "");
             num = read_num(OP_DRIVER_BASE"/stats/cpu0/sample_received");
             printf("  %9u samples received\n", num);
             num = read_num(OP_DRIVER_BASE"/stats/cpu0/sample_lost_overflow");
             printf("  %9u samples lost overflow\n", num);

 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
             /* FIXME on ARM - backtrace seems broken there */
             num = read_num(OP_DRIVER_BASE"/stats/cpu0/backtrace_aborted");
             printf("  %9u backtrace aborted\n", num);
             num = read_num(OP_DRIVER_BASE"/backtrace_depth");
             printf("  %9u backtrace_depth\n", num);
 #endif
         }
     }
     else {
         printf("oprofiled is not running\n");
     }
 }

 void do_reset()
 {
     int fd;

     fd = open(OP_DATA_DIR"/samples/current", O_RDONLY);
     if (fd == -1) {
         return;
     }
     close(fd);
     system("rm -r "OP_DATA_DIR"/samples/current");
 }

 int main(int argc, char * const argv[])
 {
     int option_index;
     char command[1024];

     /* Initialize default strings */
     strcpy(vmlinux, "--no-vmlinux");
     strcpy(kernel_range, "");

     while (1) {
         int c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "c:e:v:r:dhVt", long_options, &option_index);
         if (c == -1) {
             break;
         }
         switch (c) {
             case 0:
                 break;
             /* --callgraph */
             case 'c':
 		strncpy(callgraph, optarg, sizeof(callgraph));
                 break;
             /* --event */
             case 'e':
                 if (num_events == MAX_EVENTS) {
                     fprintf(stderr, "More than %d events specified\n",
                             MAX_EVENTS);
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 if (process_event(optarg)) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 break;
             /* --vmlinux */
             case 'v':
                 sprintf(vmlinux, "-k %s", optarg);
                 break;
             /* --kernel-range */
             case 'r':
                 sprintf(kernel_range, "-r %s", optarg);
                 break;
             case 'd':
             /* --dump */ {
                 int pid = read_num(OP_DATA_DIR"/lock");
                 echo_dev("1", 0, "dump", -1);
                 if (pid >= 0) {
                     sleep(1);
                     kill(pid, SIGHUP);
                 }
                 break;
             }
             /* --shutdown */
             case 'h': {
                 int pid = read_num(OP_DATA_DIR"/lock");
                 if (pid >= 0) {
                     kill(pid, SIGHUP); /* Politely ask the daemon to close files */
                     sleep(1);
                     kill(pid, SIGTERM);/* Politely ask the daemon to die */
                     sleep(1);
                     kill(pid, SIGKILL);
                 }
                 setup_session_dir();
                 break;
             }
             /* --verbose */
             case 'V':
                 verbose_print++;
                 break;
             /* --status */
             case 't':
                 do_status();
                 break;
             default:
                 usage();
                 exit(1);
         }
     }
     verbose("list_events = %d\n", list_events);
     verbose("setup = %d\n", setup);

     if (list_events) {
         do_list_events();
     }

     if (quick) {
 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
         process_event("CPU_CLK_UNHALTED");
 #else
         process_event("CPU_CYCLES");
 #endif
         setup = 1;
     }

     if (timer) {
         setup = 1;
     }

     if (reset) {
         do_reset();
     }

     if (show_usage) {
         usage();
     }

     if (setup) {
         if (do_setup()) {
             fprintf(stderr, "do_setup failed");
             exit(1);
         }
     }

     if (strlen(callgraph)) {
         echo_dev(callgraph, 0, "backtrace_depth", -1);
     }

     if (num_events != 0 || timer != 0) {
         int i;

         strcpy(command, "oprofiled --session-dir="OP_DATA_DIR);

 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
         /* Nothing */
 #elif !defined(WITH_ARM_V7_A)
         /* Since counter #3 can only handle CPU_CYCLES, check and shuffle the
          * order a bit so that the maximal number of events can be profiled
          * simultaneously
          */
         if (num_events == 3) {
             for (i = 0; i < num_events; i++) {
                 int event_idx = selected_events[i];

                 if (event_info[event_idx].id == 0xff) {
                     break;
                 }
             }

             /* No CPU_CYCLES is found */
             if (i == 3) {
                 fprintf(stderr, "You can only specify three events if one of "
                                 "them is CPU_CYCLES\n");
                 exit(1);
             }
             /* Swap CPU_CYCLES to counter #2 (starting from #0)*/
             else if (i != 2) {
                 int temp;

                 temp = selected_events[2];
                 selected_events[2] = selected_events[i];
                 selected_events[i] = temp;

                 temp = selected_counts[2];
                 selected_counts[2] = selected_counts[i];
                 selected_counts[i] = temp;
             }
         }
 #endif


         /* Configure the counters and enable them */
         for (i = 0; i < num_events; i++) {
             int event_idx = selected_events[i];
             int setup_result = 0;

             if (i == 0) {
                 snprintf(command+strlen(command), 1024 - strlen(command),
                          " --events=");
             }
             else {
                 snprintf(command+strlen(command), 1024 - strlen(command),
                          ",");
             }
             /* Compose name:id:count:unit_mask:kernel:user, something like
              * --events=CYCLES_DATA_STALL:2:0:200000:0:1:1,....
              */
             snprintf(command+strlen(command), 1024 - strlen(command),
                      "%s:%d:%d:%d:%d:1:1",
                      event_info[event_idx].name,
                      event_info[event_idx].id,
                      i,
                      selected_counts[i],
                      event_info[event_idx].um);

             setup_result |= echo_dev("1", 0, "user", i);
             setup_result |= echo_dev("1", 0, "kernel", i);
             setup_result |= echo_dev(NULL, event_info[event_idx].um, "unit_mask", i);
             setup_result |= echo_dev("1", 0, "enabled", i);
             setup_result |= echo_dev(NULL, selected_counts[i], "count", i);
             setup_result |= echo_dev(NULL, event_info[event_idx].id,
                                      "event", i);
             if (setup_result) {
                 fprintf(stderr, "Counter configuration failed for %s\n",
                         event_info[event_idx].name);
                 fprintf(stderr, "Did you do \"opcontrol --setup\" first?\n");
                 exit(1);
             }
         }

         if (timer == 0) {
             /* If not in timer mode, disable unused counters */
             for (i = num_events; i < MAX_EVENTS; i++) {
                 echo_dev("0", 0, "enabled", i);
             }
         } else {
             /* Timer mode uses empty event list */
             snprintf(command+strlen(command), 1024 - strlen(command),
                      " --events=");
         }

         snprintf(command+strlen(command), 1024 - strlen(command), " %s",
                  vmlinux);
         if (kernel_range[0]) {
             snprintf(command+strlen(command), 1024 - strlen(command), " %s",
                      kernel_range);
         }
         verbose("command: %s\n", command);
         system(command);
     }

     if (start) {
         echo_dev("1", 0, "enable", -1);
     }

     if (stop) {
         echo_dev("1", 0, "dump", -1);
         echo_dev("0", 0, "enable", -1);
     }
 }
	/*
	* Copyright 2008, The Android Open Source Project
	*
	* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
	* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
	* You may obtain a copy of the License at
	*
	* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	*
	* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
	* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
	* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
	* limitations under the License.
	*/

	/*
	* Binary implementation of the original opcontrol script due to missing tools
	* like awk, test, etc.
	*/

	#include <unistd.h>
	#include <getopt.h>
	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <string.h>
	#include <errno.h>
	#include <fcntl.h>
	#include <signal.h>
	#include <sys/stat.h>

	#include "op_config.h"

	#define verbose(fmt...) if (verbose_print) printf(fmt)

	/* Experiments found that using a small interval may hang the device, and the
	* more events tracked simultaneously, the longer the interval has to be.
	*/

	#if defined(__i386__) \|\| defined(__x86_64__)
	#define MAX_EVENTS 2
	int min_count[MAX_EVENTS] = {60000, 100000};
	#elif !defined(WITH_ARM_V7_A)
	#define MAX_EVENTS 3
	int min_count[MAX_EVENTS] = {150000, 200000, 250000};
	#else
	#define MAX_EVENTS 5
	int min_count[MAX_EVENTS] = {150000, 20000, 25000, 30000, 35000};
	#endif

	int verbose_print;
	int list_events;
	int show_usage;
	int setup;
	int quick;
	int timer;
	int num_events;
	int start;
	int stop;
	int reset;

	int selected_events[MAX_EVENTS];
	int selected_counts[MAX_EVENTS];

	char callgraph[8];
	char kernel_range[512];
	char vmlinux[512];

	struct option long_options[] = {
	{"help", 0, &show_usage, 1},
	{"list-events", 0, &list_events, 1},
	{"reset", 0, &reset, 1},
	{"setup", 0, &setup, 1},
	{"quick", 0, &quick, 1},
	{"timer", 0, &timer, 1},
	{"callgraph", 1, 0, 'c'},
	{"event", 1, 0, 'e'},
	{"vmlinux", 1, 0, 'v'},
	{"kernel-range", 1, 0, 'r'},
	{"start", 0, &start, 1},
	{"stop", 0, &stop, 1},
	{"dump", 0, 0, 'd'},
	{"shutdown", 0, 0, 'h'},
	{"status", 0, 0, 't'},
	{"verbose", 0, 0, 'V'},
	{0, 0, 0, 0},
	};

	struct event_info {
	int id;
	int um;
	const char *name;
	const char *explanation;
	} event_info[] = {
	#if defined(__i386__) \|\| defined(__x86_64__)
	/* INTEL_ARCH_PERFMON events */

	/* 0x3c counters:cpuid um:zero minimum:6000 filter:0 name:CPU_CLK_UNHALTED :
	* Clock cycles when not halted
	*/
	{0x3c, 0, "CPU_CLK_UNHALTED",
	"Clock cycles when not halted" },

	/* event:0x3c counters:cpuid um:one minimum:6000 filter:2 name:UNHALTED_REFERENCE_CYCLES :
	* Unhalted reference cycles
	*/
	{0x3c, 1, "UNHALTED_REFERENCE_CYCLES",
	"Unhalted reference cycles" },

	/* event:0xc0 counters:cpuid um:zero minimum:6000 filter:1 name:INST_RETIRED :
	* number of instructions retired
	*/
	{0xc0, 0, "INST_RETIRED",
	"number of instructions retired"},

	/* event:0x2e counters:cpuid um:x41 minimum:6000 filter:5 name:LLC_MISSES :
	* Last level cache demand requests from this core that missed the LLC
	*/
	{0x2e, 0x41, "LLC_MISSES",
	"Last level cache demand requests from this core that missed the LLC"},

	/* event:0x2e counters:cpuid um:x4f minimum:6000 filter:4 name:LLC_REFS :
	* Last level cache demand requests from this core
	*/
	{0x2e, 0x4f, "LLC_REFS",
	"Last level cache demand requests from this core"},

	/* event:0xc4 counters:cpuid um:zero minimum:500 filter:6 name:BR_INST_RETIRED :
	* number of branch instructions retired
	*/
	{0xc4, 0, "BR_INST_RETIRED",
	"number of branch instructions retired"},

	/* event:0xc5 counters:cpuid um:zero minimum:500 filter:7 name:BR_MISS_PRED_RETIRED :
	* number of mispredicted branches retired (precise)
	*/
	{0xc5, 0, "BR_MISS_PRED_RETIRED",
	"number of mispredicted branches retired (precise)"},

	#elif !defined(WITH_ARM_V7_A)
	/* ARM V6 events */
	{0x00, 0, "IFU_IFETCH_MISS",
	"number of instruction fetch misses"},
	{0x01, 0, "CYCLES_IFU_MEM_STALL",
	"cycles instruction fetch pipe is stalled"},
	{0x02, 0, "CYCLES_DATA_STALL",
	"cycles stall occurs for due to data dependency"},
	{0x03, 0, "ITLB_MISS",
	"number of Instruction MicroTLB misses"},
	{0x04, 0, "DTLB_MISS",
	"number of Data MicroTLB misses"},
	{0x05, 0, "BR_INST_EXECUTED",
	"branch instruction executed w/ or w/o program flow change"},
	{0x06, 0, "BR_INST_MISS_PRED",
	"branch mispredicted"},
	{0x07, 0, "INSN_EXECUTED",
	"instructions executed"},
	{0x09, 0, "DCACHE_ACCESS",
	"data cache access, cacheable locations"},
	{0x0a, 0, "DCACHE_ACCESS_ALL",
	"data cache access, all locations"},
	{0x0b, 0, "DCACHE_MISS",
	"data cache miss"},
	{0x0c, 0, "DCACHE_WB",
	"data cache writeback, 1 event for every half cacheline"},
	{0x0d, 0, "PC_CHANGE",
	"number of times the program counter was changed without a mode switch"},
	{0x0f, 0, "TLB_MISS",
	"Main TLB miss"},
	{0x10, 0, "EXP_EXTERNAL",
	"Explicit external data access"},
	{0x11, 0, "LSU_STALL",
	"cycles stalled because Load Store request queue is full"},
	{0x12, 0, "WRITE_DRAIN",
	"Times write buffer was drained"},
	{0xff, 0, "CPU_CYCLES",
	"clock cycles counter"},
	#else
	/* ARM V7 events */
	{0x00, 0, "PMNC_SW_INCR",
	"Software increment of PMNC registers"},
	{0x01, 0, "IFETCH_MISS",
	"Instruction fetch misses from cache or normal cacheable memory"},
	{0x02, 0, "ITLB_MISS",
	"Instruction fetch misses from TLB"},
	{0x03, 0, "DCACHE_REFILL",
	"Data R/W operation that causes a refill from cache or normal cacheable"
	"memory"},
	{0x04, 0, "DCACHE_ACCESS",
	"Data R/W from cache"},
	{0x05, 0, "DTLB_REFILL",
	"Data R/W that causes a TLB refill"},
	{0x06, 0, "DREAD",
	"Data read architecturally executed (note: architecturally executed = for"
	"instructions that are unconditional or that pass the condition code)"},
	{0x07, 0, "DWRITE",
	"Data write architecturally executed"},
	{0x08, 0, "INSTR_EXECUTED",
	"All executed instructions"},
	{0x09, 0, "EXC_TAKEN",
	"Exception taken"},
	{0x0A, 0, "EXC_EXECUTED",
	"Exception return architecturally executed"},
	{0x0B, 0, "CID_WRITE",
	"Instruction that writes to the Context ID Register architecturally"
	"executed"},
	{0x0C, 0, "PC_WRITE",
	"SW change of PC, architecturally executed (not by exceptions)"},
	{0x0D, 0, "PC_IMM_BRANCH",
	"Immediate branch instruction executed (taken or not)"},
	{0x0E, 0, "PC_PROC_RETURN",
	"Procedure return architecturally executed (not by exceptions)"},
	{0x0F, 0, "UNALIGNED_ACCESS",
	"Unaligned access architecturally executed"},
	{0x10, 0, "PC_BRANCH_MIS_PRED",
	"Branch mispredicted or not predicted. Counts pipeline flushes because of"
	"misprediction"},
	{0x12, 0, "PC_BRANCH_MIS_USED",
	"Branch or change in program flow that could have been predicted"},
	{0x40, 0, "WRITE_BUFFER_FULL",
	"Any write buffer full cycle"},
	{0x41, 0, "L2_STORE_MERGED",
	"Any store that is merged in L2 cache"},
	{0x42, 0, "L2_STORE_BUFF",
	"Any bufferable store from load/store to L2 cache"},
	{0x43, 0, "L2_ACCESS",
	"Any access to L2 cache"},
	{0x44, 0, "L2_CACH_MISS",
	"Any cacheable miss in L2 cache"},
	{0x45, 0, "AXI_READ_CYCLES",
	"Number of cycles for an active AXI read"},
	{0x46, 0, "AXI_WRITE_CYCLES",
	"Number of cycles for an active AXI write"},
	{0x47, 0, "MEMORY_REPLAY",
	"Any replay event in the memory subsystem"},
	{0x48, 0, "UNALIGNED_ACCESS_REPLAY",
	"Unaligned access that causes a replay"},
	{0x49, 0, "L1_DATA_MISS",
	"L1 data cache miss as a result of the hashing algorithm"},
	{0x4A, 0, "L1_INST_MISS",
	"L1 instruction cache miss as a result of the hashing algorithm"},
	{0x4B, 0, "L1_DATA_COLORING",
	"L1 data access in which a page coloring alias occurs"},
	{0x4C, 0, "L1_NEON_DATA",
	"NEON data access that hits L1 cache"},
	{0x4D, 0, "L1_NEON_CACH_DATA",
	"NEON cacheable data access that hits L1 cache"},
	{0x4E, 0, "L2_NEON",
	"L2 access as a result of NEON memory access"},
	{0x4F, 0, "L2_NEON_HIT",
	"Any NEON hit in L2 cache"},
	{0x50, 0, "L1_INST",
	"Any L1 instruction cache access, excluding CP15 cache accesses"},
	{0x51, 0, "PC_RETURN_MIS_PRED",
	"Return stack misprediction at return stack pop"
	"(incorrect target address)"},
	{0x52, 0, "PC_BRANCH_FAILED",
	"Branch prediction misprediction"},
	{0x53, 0, "PC_BRANCH_TAKEN",
	"Any predicted branch that is taken"},
	{0x54, 0, "PC_BRANCH_EXECUTED",
	"Any taken branch that is executed"},
	{0x55, 0, "OP_EXECUTED",
	"Number of operations executed"
	"(in instruction or mutli-cycle instruction)"},
	{0x56, 0, "CYCLES_INST_STALL",
	"Cycles where no instruction available"},
	{0x57, 0, "CYCLES_INST",
	"Number of instructions issued in a cycle"},
	{0x58, 0, "CYCLES_NEON_DATA_STALL",
	"Number of cycles the processor waits on MRC data from NEON"},
	{0x59, 0, "CYCLES_NEON_INST_STALL",
	"Number of cycles the processor waits on NEON instruction queue or"
	"NEON load queue"},
	{0x5A, 0, "NEON_CYCLES",
	"Number of cycles NEON and integer processors are not idle"},
	{0x70, 0, "PMU0_EVENTS",
	"Number of events from external input source PMUEXTIN[0]"},
	{0x71, 0, "PMU1_EVENTS",
	"Number of events from external input source PMUEXTIN[1]"},
	{0x72, 0, "PMU_EVENTS",
	"Number of events from both external input sources PMUEXTIN[0]"
	"and PMUEXTIN[1]"},
	{0xFF, 0, "CPU_CYCLES",
	"Number of CPU cycles"},
	#endif
	};

	void usage()
	{
	printf("\nopcontrol: usage:\n"
	" --list-events list event types\n"
	" --help this message\n"
	" --verbose show extra status\n"
	" --setup setup directories\n"
	#if defined(__i386__) \|\| defined(__x86_64__)
	" --quick setup and select CPU_CLK_UNHALTED:60000\n"
	#else
	" --quick setup and select CPU_CYCLES:150000\n"
	#endif
	" --timer timer-based profiling\n"
	" --status show configuration\n"
	" --start start data collection\n"
	" --stop stop data collection\n"
	" --reset clears out data from current session\n"
	" --shutdown kill the oprofile daeman\n"
	" --callgraph=depth callgraph depth\n"
	" --event=eventspec\n"
	" Choose an event. May be specified multiple times.\n"
	" eventspec is in the form of name[:count], where :\n"
	" name: event name, see \"opcontrol --list-events\"\n"
	" count: reset counter value\n"
	" --vmlinux=file vmlinux kernel image\n"
	" --kernel-range=start,end\n"
	" kernel range vma address in hexadecimal\n"
	);
	}

	void setup_session_dir()
	{
	int fd;

	fd = open(OP_DATA_DIR, O_RDONLY);
	if (fd != -1) {
	system("rm -r "OP_DATA_DIR);
	close(fd);
	}

	if (mkdir(OP_DATA_DIR, 755)) {
	fprintf(stderr, "Cannot create directory \"%s\": %s\n",
	OP_DATA_DIR, strerror(errno));
	}
	if (mkdir(OP_DATA_DIR"/samples", 644)) {
	fprintf(stderr, "Cannot create directory \"%s\": %s\n",
	OP_DATA_DIR"/samples", strerror(errno));
	}
	}

	int do_setup()
	{
	char dir[1024];

	setup_session_dir();

	if (mkdir(OP_DRIVER_BASE, 644)) {
	fprintf(stderr, "Cannot create directory "OP_DRIVER_BASE": %s\n",
	strerror(errno));
	return -1;
	}
	if (system("mount -t oprofilefs nodev "OP_DRIVER_BASE)) {
	return -1;
	}
	return 0;
	}

	void do_list_events()
	{
	unsigned int i;

	printf("%-20s: %s\n", "name", "meaning");
	printf("----------------------------------------"
	"--------------------------------------\n");
	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(event_info)/sizeof(struct event_info); i++) {
	printf("%-20s: %s\n", event_info[i].name, event_info[i].explanation);
	}
	}

	int find_event_idx_from_name(const char *name)
	{
	unsigned int i;

	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(event_info)/sizeof(struct event_info); i++) {
	if (!strcmp(name, event_info[i].name)) {
	return i;
	}
	}
	return -1;
	}

	const char * find_event_name_from_id(int id)
	{
	unsigned int i;

	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(event_info)/sizeof(struct event_info); i++) {
	if (event_info[i].id == id) {
	return event_info[i].name;
	}
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	int process_event(const char *event_spec)
	{
	char event_name[512];
	char count_name[512];
	unsigned int i;
	int event_idx;
	int count_val;

	strncpy(event_name, event_spec, 512);
	count_name[0] = 0;

	/* First, check if the name is followed by ":" */
	for (i = 0; i < strlen(event_name); i++) {
	if (event_name[i] == 0) {
	break;
	}
	if (event_name[i] == ':') {
	strncpy(count_name, event_name+i+1, 512);
	event_name[i] = 0;
	break;
	}
	}
	event_idx = find_event_idx_from_name(event_name);
	if (event_idx == -1) {
	fprintf(stderr, "Unknown event name: %s\n", event_name);
	return -1;
	}

	/* Use defualt count */
	if (count_name[0] == 0) {
	count_val = min_count[0];
	} else {
	count_val = atoi(count_name);
	}

	selected_events[num_events] = event_idx;
	selected_counts[num_events++] = count_val;
	verbose("event_id is %d\n", event_info[event_idx].id);
	verbose("count_val is %d\n", count_val);
	return 0;
	}

	int echo_dev(const char* str, int val, const char* file, int counter)
	{
	char fullname[512];
	char content[128];
	int fd;

	if (counter >= 0) {
	snprintf(fullname, 512, OP_DRIVER_BASE"/%d/%s", counter, file);
	}
	else {
	snprintf(fullname, 512, OP_DRIVER_BASE"/%s", file);
	}
	fd = open(fullname, O_WRONLY);
	if (fd<0) {
	fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open %s: %s\n", fullname, strerror(errno));
	return fd;
	}
	if (str == 0) {
	sprintf(content, "%d", val);
	}
	else {
	strncpy(content, str, 128);
	}
	verbose("Configure %s (%s)\n", fullname, content);
	write(fd, content, strlen(content));
	close(fd);
	return 0;
	}

	int read_num(const char* file)
	{
	char buffer[256];
	int fd = open(file, O_RDONLY);
	if (fd<0) return -1;
	int rd = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
	buffer[rd] = 0;
	return atoi(buffer);
	}

	void do_status()
	{
	int num;
	char fullname[512];
	int i;

	printf("Driver directory: %s\n", OP_DRIVER_BASE);
	printf("Session directory: %s\n", OP_DATA_DIR);
	for (i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTS; i++) {
	sprintf(fullname, OP_DRIVER_BASE"/%d/enabled", i);
	num = read_num(fullname);
	if (num > 0) {
	printf("Counter %d:\n", i);

	/* event name */
	sprintf(fullname, OP_DRIVER_BASE"/%d/event", i);
	num = read_num(fullname);
	printf(" name: %s\n", find_event_name_from_id(num));

	/* profile interval */
	sprintf(fullname, OP_DRIVER_BASE"/%d/count", i);
	num = read_num(fullname);
	printf(" count: %d\n", num);
	}
	else {
	printf("Counter %d disabled\n", i);
	}
	}

	num = read_num(OP_DATA_DIR"/lock");
	if (num >= 0) {
	int fd;
	/* Still needs to check if this lock is left-over */
	sprintf(fullname, "/proc/%d", num);
	fd = open(fullname, O_RDONLY);
	if (fd == -1) {
	printf("Session directory is not clean - do \"opcontrol --setup\""
	" before you continue\n");
	return;
	}
	else {
	close(fd);
	printf("oprofiled pid: %d\n", num);
	num = read_num(OP_DRIVER_BASE"/enable");
	printf("profiler is%s running\n", num == 0 ? " not" : "");
	num = read_num(OP_DRIVER_BASE"/stats/cpu0/sample_received");
	printf(" %9u samples received\n", num);
	num = read_num(OP_DRIVER_BASE"/stats/cpu0/sample_lost_overflow");
	printf(" %9u samples lost overflow\n", num);

	#if defined(__i386__) \|\| defined(__x86_64__)
	/* FIXME on ARM - backtrace seems broken there */
	num = read_num(OP_DRIVER_BASE"/stats/cpu0/backtrace_aborted");
	printf(" %9u backtrace aborted\n", num);
	num = read_num(OP_DRIVER_BASE"/backtrace_depth");
	printf(" %9u backtrace_depth\n", num);
	#endif
	}
	}
	else {
	printf("oprofiled is not running\n");
	}
	}

	void do_reset()
	{
	int fd;

	fd = open(OP_DATA_DIR"/samples/current", O_RDONLY);
	if (fd == -1) {
	return;
	}
	close(fd);
	system("rm -r "OP_DATA_DIR"/samples/current");
	}

	int main(int argc, char * const argv[])
	{
	int option_index;
	char command[1024];

	/* Initialize default strings */
	strcpy(vmlinux, "--no-vmlinux");
	strcpy(kernel_range, "");

	while (1) {
	int c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "c:e:v:r:dhVt", long_options, &option_index);
	if (c == -1) {
	break;
	}
	switch (c) {
	case 0:
	break;
	/* --callgraph */
	case 'c':
	strncpy(callgraph, optarg, sizeof(callgraph));
	break;
	/* --event */
	case 'e':
	if (num_events == MAX_EVENTS) {
	fprintf(stderr, "More than %d events specified\n",
	MAX_EVENTS);
	exit(1);
	}
	if (process_event(optarg)) {
	exit(1);
	}
	break;
	/* --vmlinux */
	case 'v':
	sprintf(vmlinux, "-k %s", optarg);
	break;
	/* --kernel-range */
	case 'r':
	sprintf(kernel_range, "-r %s", optarg);
	break;
	case 'd':
	/* --dump */ {
	int pid = read_num(OP_DATA_DIR"/lock");
	echo_dev("1", 0, "dump", -1);
	if (pid >= 0) {
	sleep(1);
	kill(pid, SIGHUP);
	}
	break;
	}
	/* --shutdown */
	case 'h': {
	int pid = read_num(OP_DATA_DIR"/lock");
	if (pid >= 0) {
	kill(pid, SIGHUP); /* Politely ask the daemon to close files */
	sleep(1);
	kill(pid, SIGTERM);/* Politely ask the daemon to die */
	sleep(1);
	kill(pid, SIGKILL);
	}
	setup_session_dir();
	break;
	}
	/* --verbose */
	case 'V':
	verbose_print++;
	break;
	/* --status */
	case 't':
	do_status();
	break;
	default:
	usage();
	exit(1);
	}
	}
	verbose("list_events = %d\n", list_events);
	verbose("setup = %d\n", setup);

	if (list_events) {
	do_list_events();
	}

	if (quick) {
	#if defined(__i386__) \|\| defined(__x86_64__)
	process_event("CPU_CLK_UNHALTED");
	#else
	process_event("CPU_CYCLES");
	#endif
	setup = 1;
	}

	if (timer) {
	setup = 1;
	}

	if (reset) {
	do_reset();
	}

	if (show_usage) {
	usage();
	}

	if (setup) {
	if (do_setup()) {
	fprintf(stderr, "do_setup failed");
	exit(1);
	}
	}

	if (strlen(callgraph)) {
	echo_dev(callgraph, 0, "backtrace_depth", -1);
	}

	if (num_events != 0 \|\| timer != 0) {
	int i;

	strcpy(command, "oprofiled --session-dir="OP_DATA_DIR);

	#if defined(__i386__) \|\| defined(__x86_64__)
	/* Nothing */
	#elif !defined(WITH_ARM_V7_A)
	/* Since counter #3 can only handle CPU_CYCLES, check and shuffle the
	* order a bit so that the maximal number of events can be profiled
	* simultaneously
	*/
	if (num_events == 3) {
	for (i = 0; i < num_events; i++) {
	int event_idx = selected_events[i];

	if (event_info[event_idx].id == 0xff) {
	break;
	}
	}

	/* No CPU_CYCLES is found */
	if (i == 3) {
	fprintf(stderr, "You can only specify three events if one of "
	"them is CPU_CYCLES\n");
	exit(1);
	}
	/* Swap CPU_CYCLES to counter #2 (starting from #0)*/
	else if (i != 2) {
	int temp;

	temp = selected_events[2];
	selected_events[2] = selected_events[i];
	selected_events[i] = temp;

	temp = selected_counts[2];
	selected_counts[2] = selected_counts[i];
	selected_counts[i] = temp;
	}
	}
	#endif


	/* Configure the counters and enable them */
	for (i = 0; i < num_events; i++) {
	int event_idx = selected_events[i];
	int setup_result = 0;

	if (i == 0) {
	snprintf(command+strlen(command), 1024 - strlen(command),
	" --events=");
	}
	else {
	snprintf(command+strlen(command), 1024 - strlen(command),
	",");
	}
	/* Compose name:id:count:unit_mask:kernel:user, something like
	* --events=CYCLES_DATA_STALL:2:0:200000:0:1:1,....
	*/
	snprintf(command+strlen(command), 1024 - strlen(command),
	"%s:%d:%d:%d:%d:1:1",
	event_info[event_idx].name,
	event_info[event_idx].id,
	i,
	selected_counts[i],
	event_info[event_idx].um);

	setup_result \|= echo_dev("1", 0, "user", i);
	setup_result \|= echo_dev("1", 0, "kernel", i);
	setup_result \|= echo_dev(NULL, event_info[event_idx].um, "unit_mask", i);
	setup_result \|= echo_dev("1", 0, "enabled", i);
	setup_result \|= echo_dev(NULL, selected_counts[i], "count", i);
	setup_result \|= echo_dev(NULL, event_info[event_idx].id,
	"event", i);
	if (setup_result) {
	fprintf(stderr, "Counter configuration failed for %s\n",
	event_info[event_idx].name);
	fprintf(stderr, "Did you do \"opcontrol --setup\" first?\n");
	exit(1);
	}
	}

	if (timer == 0) {
	/* If not in timer mode, disable unused counters */
	for (i = num_events; i < MAX_EVENTS; i++) {
	echo_dev("0", 0, "enabled", i);
	}
	} else {
	/* Timer mode uses empty event list */
	snprintf(command+strlen(command), 1024 - strlen(command),
	" --events=");
	}

	snprintf(command+strlen(command), 1024 - strlen(command), " %s",
	vmlinux);
	if (kernel_range[0]) {
	snprintf(command+strlen(command), 1024 - strlen(command), " %s",
	kernel_range);
	}
	verbose("command: %s\n", command);
	system(command);
	}

	if (start) {
	echo_dev("1", 0, "enable", -1);
	}

	if (stop) {
	echo_dev("1", 0, "dump", -1);
	echo_dev("0", 0, "enable", -1);
	}
	}