examples/gzjoin.c

/* gzjoin -- command to join gzip files into one gzip file

  Copyright (C) 2004 Mark Adler, all rights reserved
  version 1.0, 11 Dec 2004

  This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
  warranty.  In no event will the author be held liable for any damages
  arising from the use of this software.

  Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
  including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
  freely, subject to the following restrictions:

  1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
     claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
     in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
     appreciated but is not required.
  2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
     misrepresented as being the original software.
  3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.

  Mark Adler    madler@alumni.caltech.edu
 */

/*
 * Change history:
 *
 * 1.0  11 Dec 2004     - First version
 * 1.1  12 Jun 2005     - Changed ssize_t to long for portability
 */

/*
   gzjoin takes one or more gzip files on the command line and writes out a
   single gzip file that will uncompress to the concatenation of the
   uncompressed data from the individual gzip files.  gzjoin does this without
   having to recompress any of the data and without having to calculate a new
   crc32 for the concatenated uncompressed data.  gzjoin does however have to
   decompress all of the input data in order to find the bits in the compressed
   data that need to be modified to concatenate the streams.

   gzjoin does not do an integrity check on the input gzip files other than
   checking the gzip header and decompressing the compressed data.  They are
   otherwise assumed to be complete and correct.

   Each joint between gzip files removes at least 18 bytes of previous trailer
   and subsequent header, and inserts an average of about three bytes to the
   compressed data in order to connect the streams.  The output gzip file
   has a minimal ten-byte gzip header with no file name or modification time.

   This program was written to illustrate the use of the Z_BLOCK option of
   inflate() and the crc32_combine() function.  gzjoin will not compile with
   versions of zlib earlier than 1.2.3.
 */

#include <stdio.h>      /* fputs(), fprintf(), fwrite(), putc() */
#include <stdlib.h>     /* exit(), malloc(), free() */
#include <fcntl.h>      /* open() */
#include <unistd.h>     /* close(), read(), lseek() */
#include "zlib.h"
    /* crc32(), crc32_combine(), inflateInit2(), inflate(), inflateEnd() */

#define local static

/* exit with an error (return a value to allow use in an expression) */
local int bail(char *why1, char *why2)
{
    fprintf(stderr, "gzjoin error: %s%s, output incomplete\n", why1, why2);
    exit(1);
    return 0;
}

/* -- simple buffered file input with access to the buffer -- */

#define CHUNK 32768         /* must be a power of two and fit in unsigned */

/* bin buffered input file type */
typedef struct {
    char *name;             /* name of file for error messages */
    int fd;                 /* file descriptor */
    unsigned left;          /* bytes remaining at next */
    unsigned char *next;    /* next byte to read */
    unsigned char *buf;     /* allocated buffer of length CHUNK */
} bin;

/* close a buffered file and free allocated memory */
local void bclose(bin *in)
{
    if (in != NULL) {
        if (in->fd != -1)
            close(in->fd);
        if (in->buf != NULL)
            free(in->buf);
        free(in);
    }
}

/* open a buffered file for input, return a pointer to type bin, or NULL on
   failure */
local bin *bopen(char *name)
{
    bin *in;

    in = malloc(sizeof(bin));
    if (in == NULL)
        return NULL;
    in->buf = malloc(CHUNK);
    in->fd = open(name, O_RDONLY, 0);
    if (in->buf == NULL || in->fd == -1) {
        bclose(in);
        return NULL;
    }
    in->left = 0;
    in->next = in->buf;
    in->name = name;
    return in;
}

/* load buffer from file, return -1 on read error, 0 or 1 on success, with
   1 indicating that end-of-file was reached */
local int bload(bin *in)
{
    long len;

    if (in == NULL)
        return -1;
    if (in->left != 0)
        return 0;
    in->next = in->buf;
    do {
        len = (long)read(in->fd, in->buf + in->left, CHUNK - in->left);
        if (len < 0)
            return -1;
        in->left += (unsigned)len;
    } while (len != 0 && in->left < CHUNK);
    return len == 0 ? 1 : 0;
}

/* get a byte from the file, bail if end of file */
#define bget(in) (in->left ? 0 : bload(in), \
                  in->left ? (in->left--, *(in->next)++) : \
                    bail("unexpected end of file on ", in->name))

/* get a four-byte little-endian unsigned integer from file */
local unsigned long bget4(bin *in)
{
    unsigned long val;

    val = bget(in);
    val += (unsigned long)(bget(in)) << 8;
    val += (unsigned long)(bget(in)) << 16;
    val += (unsigned long)(bget(in)) << 24;
    return val;
}

/* skip bytes in file */
local void bskip(bin *in, unsigned skip)
{
    /* check pointer */
    if (in == NULL)
        return;

    /* easy case -- skip bytes in buffer */
    if (skip <= in->left) {
        in->left -= skip;
        in->next += skip;
        return;
    }

    /* skip what's in buffer, discard buffer contents */
    skip -= in->left;
    in->left = 0;

    /* seek past multiples of CHUNK bytes */
    if (skip > CHUNK) {
        unsigned left;

        left = skip & (CHUNK - 1);
        if (left == 0) {
            /* exact number of chunks: seek all the way minus one byte to check
               for end-of-file with a read */
            lseek(in->fd, skip - 1, SEEK_CUR);
            if (read(in->fd, in->buf, 1) != 1)
                bail("unexpected end of file on ", in->name);
            return;
        }

        /* skip the integral chunks, update skip with remainder */
        lseek(in->fd, skip - left, SEEK_CUR);
        skip = left;
    }

    /* read more input and skip remainder */
    bload(in);
    if (skip > in->left)
        bail("unexpected end of file on ", in->name);
    in->left -= skip;
    in->next += skip;
}

/* -- end of buffered input functions -- */

/* skip the gzip header from file in */
local void gzhead(bin *in)
{
    int flags;

    /* verify gzip magic header and compression method */
    if (bget(in) != 0x1f || bget(in) != 0x8b || bget(in) != 8)
        bail(in->name, " is not a valid gzip file");

    /* get and verify flags */
    flags = bget(in);
    if ((flags & 0xe0) != 0)
        bail("unknown reserved bits set in ", in->name);

    /* skip modification time, extra flags, and os */
    bskip(in, 6);

    /* skip extra field if present */
    if (flags & 4) {
        unsigned len;

        len = bget(in);
        len += (unsigned)(bget(in)) << 8;
        bskip(in, len);
    }

    /* skip file name if present */
    if (flags & 8)
        while (bget(in) != 0)
            ;

    /* skip comment if present */
    if (flags & 16)
        while (bget(in) != 0)
            ;

    /* skip header crc if present */
    if (flags & 2)
        bskip(in, 2);
}

/* write a four-byte little-endian unsigned integer to out */
local void put4(unsigned long val, FILE *out)
{
    putc(val & 0xff, out);
    putc((val >> 8) & 0xff, out);
    putc((val >> 16) & 0xff, out);
    putc((val >> 24) & 0xff, out);
}

/* Load up zlib stream from buffered input, bail if end of file */
local void zpull(z_streamp strm, bin *in)
{
    if (in->left == 0)
        bload(in);
    if (in->left == 0)
        bail("unexpected end of file on ", in->name);
    strm->avail_in = in->left;
    strm->next_in = in->next;
}

/* Write header for gzip file to out and initialize trailer. */
local void gzinit(unsigned long *crc, unsigned long *tot, FILE *out)
{
    fwrite("\x1f\x8b\x08\0\0\0\0\0\0\xff", 1, 10, out);
    *crc = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0);
    *tot = 0;
}

/* Copy the compressed data from name, zeroing the last block bit of the last
   block if clr is true, and adding empty blocks as needed to get to a byte
   boundary.  If clr is false, then the last block becomes the last block of
   the output, and the gzip trailer is written.  crc and tot maintains the
   crc and length (modulo 2^32) of the output for the trailer.  The resulting
   gzip file is written to out.  gzinit() must be called before the first call
   of gzcopy() to write the gzip header and to initialize crc and tot. */
local void gzcopy(char *name, int clr, unsigned long *crc, unsigned long *tot,
                  FILE *out)
{
    int ret;                /* return value from zlib functions */
    int pos;                /* where the "last block" bit is in byte */
    int last;               /* true if processing the last block */
    bin *in;                /* buffered input file */
    unsigned char *start;   /* start of compressed data in buffer */
    unsigned char *junk;    /* buffer for uncompressed data -- discarded */
    z_off_t len;            /* length of uncompressed data (support > 4 GB) */
    z_stream strm;          /* zlib inflate stream */

    /* open gzip file and skip header */
    in = bopen(name);
    if (in == NULL)
        bail("could not open ", name);
    gzhead(in);

    /* allocate buffer for uncompressed data and initialize raw inflate
       stream */
    junk = malloc(CHUNK);
    strm.zalloc = Z_NULL;
    strm.zfree = Z_NULL;
    strm.opaque = Z_NULL;
    strm.avail_in = 0;
    strm.next_in = Z_NULL;
    ret = inflateInit2(&strm, -15);
    if (junk == NULL || ret != Z_OK)
        bail("out of memory", "");

    /* inflate and copy compressed data, clear last-block bit if requested */
    len = 0;
    zpull(&strm, in);
    start = strm.next_in;
    last = start[0] & 1;
    if (last && clr)
        start[0] &= ~1;
    strm.avail_out = 0;
    for (;;) {
        /* if input used and output done, write used input and get more */
        if (strm.avail_in == 0 && strm.avail_out != 0) {
            fwrite(start, 1, strm.next_in - start, out);
            start = in->buf;
            in->left = 0;
            zpull(&strm, in);
        }

        /* decompress -- return early when end-of-block reached */
        strm.avail_out = CHUNK;
        strm.next_out = junk;
        ret = inflate(&strm, Z_BLOCK);
        switch (ret) {
        case Z_MEM_ERROR:
            bail("out of memory", "");
        case Z_DATA_ERROR:
            bail("invalid compressed data in ", in->name);
        }

        /* update length of uncompressed data */
        len += CHUNK - strm.avail_out;

        /* check for block boundary (only get this when block copied out) */
        if (strm.data_type & 128) {
            /* if that was the last block, then done */
            if (last)
                break;

            /* number of unused bits in last byte */
            pos = strm.data_type & 7;

            /* find the next last-block bit */
            if (pos != 0) {
                /* next last-block bit is in last used byte */
                pos = 0x100 >> pos;
                last = strm.next_in[-1] & pos;
                if (last && clr)
                    strm.next_in[-1] &= ~pos;
            }
            else {
                /* next last-block bit is in next unused byte */
                if (strm.avail_in == 0) {
                    /* don't have that byte yet -- get it */
                    fwrite(start, 1, strm.next_in - start, out);
                    start = in->buf;
                    in->left = 0;
                    zpull(&strm, in);
                }
                last = strm.next_in[0] & 1;
                if (last && clr)
                    strm.next_in[0] &= ~1;
            }
        }
    }

    /* update buffer with unused input */
    in->left = strm.avail_in;
    in->next = strm.next_in;

    /* copy used input, write empty blocks to get to byte boundary */
    pos = strm.data_type & 7;
    fwrite(start, 1, in->next - start - 1, out);
    last = in->next[-1];
    if (pos == 0 || !clr)
        /* already at byte boundary, or last file: write last byte */
        putc(last, out);
    else {
        /* append empty blocks to last byte */
        last &= ((0x100 >> pos) - 1);       /* assure unused bits are zero */
        if (pos & 1) {
            /* odd -- append an empty stored block */
            putc(last, out);
            if (pos == 1)
                putc(0, out);               /* two more bits in block header */
            fwrite("\0\0\xff\xff", 1, 4, out);
        }
        else {
            /* even -- append 1, 2, or 3 empty fixed blocks */
            switch (pos) {
            case 6:
                putc(last | 8, out);
                last = 0;
            case 4:
                putc(last | 0x20, out);
                last = 0;
            case 2:
                putc(last | 0x80, out);
                putc(0, out);
            }
        }
    }

    /* update crc and tot */
    *crc = crc32_combine(*crc, bget4(in), len);
    *tot += (unsigned long)len;

    /* clean up */
    inflateEnd(&strm);
    free(junk);
    bclose(in);

    /* write trailer if this is the last gzip file */
    if (!clr) {
        put4(*crc, out);
        put4(*tot, out);
    }
}

/* join the gzip files on the command line, write result to stdout */
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    unsigned long crc, tot;     /* running crc and total uncompressed length */

    /* skip command name */
    argc--;
    argv++;

    /* show usage if no arguments */
    if (argc == 0) {
        fputs("gzjoin usage: gzjoin f1.gz [f2.gz [f3.gz ...]] > fjoin.gz\n",
              stderr);
        return 0;
    }

    /* join gzip files on command line and write to stdout */
    gzinit(&crc, &tot, stdout);
    while (argc--)
        gzcopy(*argv++, argc, &crc, &tot, stdout);

    /* done */
    return 0;
}