ext4_utils/allocate.c

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#include "ext4_utils.h"
#include "allocate.h"
#include "ext4.h"

#include <sparse/sparse.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct region_list {
	struct region *first;
	struct region *last;
	struct region *iter;
	u32 partial_iter;
};

struct block_allocation {
	struct region_list list;
	struct region_list oob_list;
};

struct region {
	u32 block;
	u32 len;
	int bg;
	struct region *next;
	struct region *prev;
};

struct block_group_info {
	u32 first_block;
	int header_blocks;
	int data_blocks_used;
	int has_superblock;
	u8 *bitmaps;
	u8 *block_bitmap;
	u8 *inode_bitmap;
	u8 *inode_table;
	u32 free_blocks;
	u32 first_free_block;
	u32 free_inodes;
	u32 first_free_inode;
	u16 used_dirs;
};

struct block_allocation *create_allocation()
{
	struct block_allocation *alloc = malloc(sizeof(struct block_allocation));
	alloc->list.first = NULL;
	alloc->list.last = NULL;
	alloc->oob_list.first = NULL;
	alloc->oob_list.last = NULL;
	alloc->list.iter = NULL;
	alloc->list.partial_iter = 0;
	alloc->oob_list.iter = NULL;
	alloc->oob_list.partial_iter = 0;
	return alloc;
}

static void region_list_remove(struct region_list *list, struct region *reg)
{
	if (reg->prev)
		reg->prev->next = reg->next;

	if (reg->next)
		reg->next->prev = reg->prev;

	if (list->first == reg)
		list->first = reg->next;

	if (list->last == reg)
		list->last = reg->prev;

	reg->next = NULL;
	reg->prev = NULL;
}

static void region_list_append(struct region_list *list, struct region *reg)
{
	if (list->first == NULL) {
		list->first = reg;
		list->last = reg;
		list->iter = reg;
		list->partial_iter = 0;
		reg->prev = NULL;
	} else {
		list->last->next = reg;
		reg->prev = list->last;
		list->last = reg;
	}
	reg->next = NULL;
}

#if 0
static void dump_starting_from(struct region *reg)
{
	for (; reg; reg = reg->next) {
		printf("%p: Blocks %d-%d (%d)\n", reg,
				reg->bg * info.blocks_per_group + reg->block,
				reg->bg * info.blocks_per_group + reg->block + reg->len - 1,
				reg->len);
	}
}

static void dump_region_lists(struct block_allocation *alloc) {

	printf("Main list:\n");
	dump_starting_from(alloc->list.first);

	printf("OOB list:\n");
	dump_starting_from(alloc->oob_list.first);
}
#endif

void append_region(struct block_allocation *alloc,
		u32 block, u32 len, int bg_num)
{
	struct region *reg;
	reg = malloc(sizeof(struct region));
	reg->block = block;
	reg->len = len;
	reg->bg = bg_num;
	reg->next = NULL;

	region_list_append(&alloc->list, reg);
}

static void allocate_bg_inode_table(struct block_group_info *bg)
{
	if (bg->inode_table != NULL)
		return;

	u32 block = bg->first_block + 2;

	if (bg->has_superblock)
		block += aux_info.bg_desc_blocks + info.bg_desc_reserve_blocks + 1;

	bg->inode_table = calloc(aux_info.inode_table_blocks, info.block_size);
	if (bg->inode_table == NULL)
		critical_error_errno("calloc");

	sparse_file_add_data(info.sparse_file, bg->inode_table,
			aux_info.inode_table_blocks	* info.block_size, block);
}

void init_unused_inode_tables(void)
{
	unsigned int i;
	u32 block;
	struct block_group_info *bg;

	for (i = 0; i < aux_info.groups; i++) {
		if (!aux_info.bgs[i].inode_table) {
			bg = &aux_info.bgs[i];
			block = bg->first_block + 2;
			if (bg->has_superblock)
				block += aux_info.bg_desc_blocks + info.bg_desc_reserve_blocks + 1;
			sparse_file_add_fill(info.sparse_file, 0,
					aux_info.inode_table_blocks * info.block_size, block);
		}
	}
}

static int bitmap_set_bit(u8 *bitmap, u32 bit)
{
	if (bitmap[bit / 8] & 1 << (bit % 8))
		return 1;

	bitmap[bit / 8] |= 1 << (bit % 8);
	return 0;
}

static int bitmap_set_8_bits(u8 *bitmap, u32 bit)
{
	int ret = bitmap[bit / 8];
	bitmap[bit / 8] = 0xFF;
	return ret;
}

/* Marks a the first num_blocks blocks in a block group as used, and accounts
 for them in the block group free block info. */
static int reserve_blocks(struct block_group_info *bg, u32 start, u32 num)
{
	unsigned int i = 0;

	u32 block = start;
	if (num > bg->free_blocks)
		return -1;

	for (i = 0; i < num && block % 8 != 0; i++, block++) {
		if (bitmap_set_bit(bg->block_bitmap, block)) {
			error("attempted to reserve already reserved block");
			return -1;
		}
	}

	for (; i + 8 <= (num & ~7); i += 8, block += 8) {
		if (bitmap_set_8_bits(bg->block_bitmap, block)) {
			error("attempted to reserve already reserved block");
			return -1;
		}
	}

	for (; i < num; i++, block++) {
		if (bitmap_set_bit(bg->block_bitmap, block)) {
			error("attempted to reserve already reserved block");
			return -1;
		}
	}

	bg->free_blocks -= num;
	if (start == bg->first_free_block)
		bg->first_free_block = start + num;

	return 0;
}

static void free_blocks(struct block_group_info *bg, u32 num_blocks)
{
	unsigned int i;
	u32 block = bg->first_free_block - 1;
	for (i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++, block--)
		bg->block_bitmap[block / 8] &= ~(1 << (block % 8));
	bg->free_blocks += num_blocks;
	bg->first_free_block -= num_blocks;
}

/* Reduces an existing allocation by len blocks by return the last blocks
   to the free pool in their block group. Assumes that the blocks being
   returned were the last ones allocated out of the block group */
void reduce_allocation(struct block_allocation *alloc, u32 len)
{
	while (len) {
		struct region *last_reg = alloc->list.last;

		if (last_reg->len > len) {
			free_blocks(&aux_info.bgs[last_reg->bg], len);
			last_reg->len -= len;
			len = 0;
		} else {
			struct region *reg = alloc->list.last->prev;
			free_blocks(&aux_info.bgs[last_reg->bg], last_reg->len);
			len -= last_reg->len;
			if (reg) {
				reg->next = NULL;
			} else {
				alloc->list.first = NULL;
				alloc->list.last = NULL;
				alloc->list.iter = NULL;
				alloc->list.partial_iter = 0;
			}
			free(last_reg);
		}
	}
}

static void init_bg(struct block_group_info *bg, unsigned int i)
{
	int header_blocks = 2 + aux_info.inode_table_blocks;

	bg->has_superblock = ext4_bg_has_super_block(i);

	if (bg->has_superblock)
		header_blocks += 1 + aux_info.bg_desc_blocks + info.bg_desc_reserve_blocks;

	bg->bitmaps = calloc(info.block_size, 2);
	bg->block_bitmap = bg->bitmaps;
	bg->inode_bitmap = bg->bitmaps + info.block_size;

	bg->header_blocks = header_blocks;
	bg->first_block = aux_info.first_data_block + i * info.blocks_per_group;

	u32 block = bg->first_block;
	if (bg->has_superblock)
		block += 1 + aux_info.bg_desc_blocks +  info.bg_desc_reserve_blocks;
	sparse_file_add_data(info.sparse_file, bg->bitmaps, 2 * info.block_size,
			block);

	bg->data_blocks_used = 0;
	bg->free_blocks = info.blocks_per_group;
	bg->first_free_block = 0;
	bg->free_inodes = info.inodes_per_group;
	bg->first_free_inode = 1;

	if (reserve_blocks(bg, bg->first_free_block, bg->header_blocks) < 0)
		error("failed to reserve %u blocks in block group %u\n", bg->header_blocks, i);

	u32 overrun = bg->first_block + info.blocks_per_group - aux_info.len_blocks;
	if (overrun > 0)
		reserve_blocks(bg, info.blocks_per_group - overrun, overrun);
}

void block_allocator_init()
{
	unsigned int i;

	aux_info.bgs = calloc(sizeof(struct block_group_info), aux_info.groups);
	if (aux_info.bgs == NULL)
		critical_error_errno("calloc");

	for (i = 0; i < aux_info.groups; i++)
		init_bg(&aux_info.bgs[i], i);
}

void block_allocator_free()
{
	unsigned int i;

	for (i = 0; i < aux_info.groups; i++) {
		free(aux_info.bgs[i].bitmaps);
		free(aux_info.bgs[i].inode_table);
	}
	free(aux_info.bgs);
}

static u32 ext4_allocate_blocks_from_block_group(u32 len, int bg_num)
{
	if (get_free_blocks(bg_num) < len)
		return EXT4_ALLOCATE_FAILED;

	u32 block = aux_info.bgs[bg_num].first_free_block;
	struct block_group_info *bg = &aux_info.bgs[bg_num];
	if (reserve_blocks(bg, bg->first_free_block, len) < 0) {
		error("failed to reserve %u blocks in block group %u\n", len, bg_num);
		return EXT4_ALLOCATE_FAILED;
	}

	aux_info.bgs[bg_num].data_blocks_used += len;

	return bg->first_block + block;
}

static struct region *ext4_allocate_contiguous_blocks(u32 len)
{
	unsigned int i;
	struct region *reg;

	for (i = 0; i < aux_info.groups; i++) {
		u32 block = ext4_allocate_blocks_from_block_group(len, i);

		if (block != EXT4_ALLOCATE_FAILED) {
			reg = malloc(sizeof(struct region));
			reg->block = block;
			reg->len = len;
			reg->next = NULL;
			reg->prev = NULL;
			reg->bg = i;
			return reg;
		}
	}

	return NULL;
}

/* Allocate a single block and return its block number */
u32 allocate_block()
{
	unsigned int i;
	for (i = 0; i < aux_info.groups; i++) {
		u32 block = ext4_allocate_blocks_from_block_group(1, i);

		if (block != EXT4_ALLOCATE_FAILED)
			return block;
	}

	return EXT4_ALLOCATE_FAILED;
}

static struct region *ext4_allocate_partial(u32 len)
{
	unsigned int i;
	struct region *reg;

	for (i = 0; i < aux_info.groups; i++) {
		if (aux_info.bgs[i].data_blocks_used == 0) {
			u32 bg_len = aux_info.bgs[i].free_blocks;
			u32 block;

			if (len <= bg_len) {
				/* If the requested length would fit in a block group,
				 use the regular allocator to try to fit it in a partially
				 used block group */
				bg_len = len;
				reg = ext4_allocate_contiguous_blocks(len);
			} else {
				block = ext4_allocate_blocks_from_block_group(bg_len, i);

				if (block == EXT4_ALLOCATE_FAILED) {
					error("failed to allocate %d blocks in block group %d", bg_len, i);
					return NULL;
				}

				reg = malloc(sizeof(struct region));
				reg->block = block;
				reg->len = bg_len;
				reg->next = NULL;
				reg->prev = NULL;
				reg->bg = i;
			}

			return reg;
		}
	}
	return NULL;
}

static struct region *ext4_allocate_multiple_contiguous_blocks(u32 len)
{
	struct region *first_reg = NULL;
	struct region *prev_reg = NULL;
	struct region *reg;

	while (len > 0) {
		reg = ext4_allocate_partial(len);
		if (reg == NULL)
			return NULL;

		if (first_reg == NULL)
			first_reg = reg;

		if (prev_reg) {
			prev_reg->next = reg;
			reg->prev = prev_reg;
		}

		prev_reg = reg;
		len -= reg->len;
	}

	return first_reg;
}

struct region *do_allocate(u32 len)
{
	struct region *reg = ext4_allocate_contiguous_blocks(len);

	if (reg == NULL)
		reg = ext4_allocate_multiple_contiguous_blocks(len);

	return reg;
}

/* Allocate len blocks.  The blocks may be spread across multiple block groups,
   and are returned in a linked list of the blocks in each block group.  The
   allocation algorithm is:
      1.  Try to allocate the entire block len in each block group
      2.  If the request doesn't fit in any block group, allocate as many
          blocks as possible into each block group that is completely empty
      3.  Put the last set of blocks in the first block group they fit in
*/
struct block_allocation *allocate_blocks(u32 len)
{
	struct region *reg = do_allocate(len);

	if (reg == NULL)
		return NULL;

	struct block_allocation *alloc = create_allocation();
	alloc->list.first = reg;
	alloc->list.last = reg;
	alloc->list.iter = alloc->list.first;
	alloc->list.partial_iter = 0;
	return alloc;
}

/* Returns the number of discontiguous regions used by an allocation */
int block_allocation_num_regions(struct block_allocation *alloc)
{
	unsigned int i;
	struct region *reg = alloc->list.first;

	for (i = 0; reg != NULL; reg = reg->next)
		i++;

	return i;
}

int block_allocation_len(struct block_allocation *alloc)
{
	unsigned int i;
	struct region *reg = alloc->list.first;

	for (i = 0; reg != NULL; reg = reg->next)
		i += reg->len;

	return i;
}

/* Returns the block number of the block'th block in an allocation */
u32 get_block(struct block_allocation *alloc, u32 block)
{
	struct region *reg = alloc->list.iter;
	block += alloc->list.partial_iter;

	for (; reg; reg = reg->next) {
		if (block < reg->len)
			return reg->block + block;
		block -= reg->len;
	}
	return EXT4_ALLOCATE_FAILED;
}

u32 get_oob_block(struct block_allocation *alloc, u32 block)
{
	struct region *reg = alloc->oob_list.iter;
	block += alloc->oob_list.partial_iter;

	for (; reg; reg = reg->next) {
		if (block < reg->len)
			return reg->block + block;
		block -= reg->len;
	}
	return EXT4_ALLOCATE_FAILED;
}

/* Gets the starting block and length in blocks of the first region
   of an allocation */
void get_region(struct block_allocation *alloc, u32 *block, u32 *len)
{
	*block = alloc->list.iter->block;
	*len = alloc->list.iter->len - alloc->list.partial_iter;
}

/* Move to the next region in an allocation */
void get_next_region(struct block_allocation *alloc)
{
	alloc->list.iter = alloc->list.iter->next;
	alloc->list.partial_iter = 0;
}

/* Returns the number of free blocks in a block group */
u32 get_free_blocks(u32 bg)
{
	return aux_info.bgs[bg].free_blocks;
}

int last_region(struct block_allocation *alloc)
{
	return (alloc->list.iter == NULL);
}

void rewind_alloc(struct block_allocation *alloc)
{
	alloc->list.iter = alloc->list.first;
	alloc->list.partial_iter = 0;
}

static struct region *do_split_allocation(struct block_allocation *alloc, u32 len)
{
	struct region *reg = alloc->list.iter;
	struct region *new;
	struct region *tmp;

	while (reg && len >= reg->len) {
		len -= reg->len;
		reg = reg->next;
	}

	if (reg == NULL && len > 0)
		return NULL;

	if (len > 0) {
		new = malloc(sizeof(struct region));

		new->bg = reg->bg;
		new->block = reg->block + len;
		new->len = reg->len - len;
		new->next = reg->next;
		new->prev = reg;

		reg->next = new;
		reg->len = len;

		tmp = alloc->list.iter;
		alloc->list.iter = new;
		return tmp;
	} else {
		return reg;
	}
}

/* Splits an allocation into two allocations.  The returned allocation will
   point to the first half, and the original allocation ptr will point to the
   second half. */
static struct region *split_allocation(struct block_allocation *alloc, u32 len)
{
	/* First make sure there is a split at the current ptr */
	do_split_allocation(alloc, alloc->list.partial_iter);

	/* Then split off len blocks */
	struct region *middle = do_split_allocation(alloc, len);
	alloc->list.partial_iter = 0;
	return middle;
}

/* Reserve the next blocks for oob data (indirect or extent blocks) */
int reserve_oob_blocks(struct block_allocation *alloc, int blocks)
{
	struct region *oob = split_allocation(alloc, blocks);
	struct region *next;

	if (oob == NULL)
		return -1;

	while (oob && oob != alloc->list.iter) {
		next = oob->next;
		region_list_remove(&alloc->list, oob);
		region_list_append(&alloc->oob_list, oob);
		oob = next;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int advance_list_ptr(struct region_list *list, int blocks)
{
	struct region *reg = list->iter;

	while (reg != NULL && blocks > 0) {
		if (reg->len > list->partial_iter + blocks) {
			list->partial_iter += blocks;
			return 0;
		}

		blocks -= (reg->len - list->partial_iter);
		list->partial_iter = 0;
		reg = reg->next;
	}

	if (blocks > 0)
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

/* Move the allocation pointer forward */
int advance_blocks(struct block_allocation *alloc, int blocks)
{
	return advance_list_ptr(&alloc->list, blocks);
}

int advance_oob_blocks(struct block_allocation *alloc, int blocks)
{
	return advance_list_ptr(&alloc->oob_list, blocks);
}

int append_oob_allocation(struct block_allocation *alloc, u32 len)
{
	struct region *reg = do_allocate(len);

	if (reg == NULL) {
		error("failed to allocate %d blocks", len);
		return -1;
	}

	for (; reg; reg = reg->next)
		region_list_append(&alloc->oob_list, reg);

	return 0;
}

/* Returns an ext4_inode structure for an inode number */
struct ext4_inode *get_inode(u32 inode)
{
	inode -= 1;
	int bg = inode / info.inodes_per_group;
	inode %= info.inodes_per_group;

	allocate_bg_inode_table(&aux_info.bgs[bg]);
	return (struct ext4_inode *)(aux_info.bgs[bg].inode_table + inode *
		info.inode_size);
}

/* Mark the first len inodes in a block group as used */
u32 reserve_inodes(int bg, u32 num)
{
	unsigned int i;
	u32 inode;

	if (get_free_inodes(bg) < num)
		return EXT4_ALLOCATE_FAILED;

	for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
		inode = aux_info.bgs[bg].first_free_inode + i - 1;
		aux_info.bgs[bg].inode_bitmap[inode / 8] |= 1 << (inode % 8);
	}

	inode = aux_info.bgs[bg].first_free_inode;

	aux_info.bgs[bg].first_free_inode += num;
	aux_info.bgs[bg].free_inodes -= num;

	return inode;
}

/* Returns the first free inode number
   TODO: Inodes should be allocated in the block group of the data? */
u32 allocate_inode()
{
	unsigned int bg;
	u32 inode;

	for (bg = 0; bg < aux_info.groups; bg++) {
		inode = reserve_inodes(bg, 1);
		if (inode != EXT4_ALLOCATE_FAILED)
			return bg * info.inodes_per_group + inode;
	}

	return EXT4_ALLOCATE_FAILED;
}

/* Returns the number of free inodes in a block group */
u32 get_free_inodes(u32 bg)
{
	return aux_info.bgs[bg].free_inodes;
}

/* Increments the directory count of the block group that contains inode */
void add_directory(u32 inode)
{
	int bg = (inode - 1) / info.inodes_per_group;
	aux_info.bgs[bg].used_dirs += 1;
}

/* Returns the number of inodes in a block group that are directories */
u16 get_directories(int bg)
{
	return aux_info.bgs[bg].used_dirs;
}

/* Frees the memory used by a linked list of allocation regions */
void free_alloc(struct block_allocation *alloc)
{
	struct region *reg;

	reg = alloc->list.first;
	while (reg) {
		struct region *next = reg->next;
		free(reg);
		reg = next;
	}

	reg = alloc->oob_list.first;
	while (reg) {
		struct region *next = reg->next;
		free(reg);
		reg = next;
	}

	free(alloc);
}