src/enc/frame.c

// Copyright 2011 Google Inc.
//
// This code is licensed under the same terms as WebM:
//  Software License Agreement:  http://www.webmproject.org/license/software/
//  Additional IP Rights Grant:  http://www.webmproject.org/license/additional/
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
//   frame coding and analysis
//
// Author: Skal (pascal.massimino@gmail.com)

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <math.h>

#include "vp8enci.h"
#include "cost.h"

#if defined(__cplusplus) || defined(c_plusplus)
extern "C" {
#endif

#define SEGMENT_VISU 0
#define DEBUG_SEARCH 0    // useful to track search convergence

// On-the-fly info about the current set of residuals. Handy to avoid
// passing zillions of params.
typedef struct {
  int first;
  int last;
  const int16_t* coeffs;

  int coeff_type;
  ProbaArray* prob;
  StatsArray* stats;
  CostArray*  cost;
} VP8Residual;

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Tables for level coding

const uint8_t VP8EncBands[16 + 1] = {
  0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7,
  0  // sentinel
};

static const uint8_t kCat3[] = { 173, 148, 140 };
static const uint8_t kCat4[] = { 176, 155, 140, 135 };
static const uint8_t kCat5[] = { 180, 157, 141, 134, 130 };
static const uint8_t kCat6[] =
    { 254, 254, 243, 230, 196, 177, 153, 140, 133, 130, 129 };

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Reset the statistics about: number of skips, token proba, level cost,...

static void ResetStats(VP8Encoder* const enc, int precalc_cost) {
  VP8Proba* const proba = &enc->proba_;
  if (precalc_cost) VP8CalculateLevelCosts(proba);
  proba->nb_skip_ = 0;
  proba->nb_i4_ = 0;
  proba->nb_i16_ = 0;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Skip decision probability

static int CalcSkipProba(uint64_t nb, uint64_t total) {
  return (int)(total ? (total - nb) * 255 / total : 255);
}

// Returns the bit-cost for coding the skip probability.
static int FinalizeSkipProba(VP8Encoder* const enc) {
  VP8Proba* const proba = &enc->proba_;
  const int nb_mbs = enc->mb_w_ * enc->mb_h_;
  const int nb_events = proba->nb_skip_;
  int size;
  proba->skip_proba_ = CalcSkipProba(nb_events, nb_mbs);
  proba->use_skip_proba_ = (proba->skip_proba_ < 250);
  size = 256;   // 'use_skip_proba' bit
  if (proba->use_skip_proba_) {
    size +=  nb_events * VP8BitCost(1, proba->skip_proba_)
         + (nb_mbs - nb_events) * VP8BitCost(0, proba->skip_proba_);
    size += 8 * 256;   // cost of signaling the skip_proba_ itself.
  }
  return size;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Recording of token probabilities.

static void ResetTokenStats(VP8Encoder* const enc) {
  VP8Proba* const proba = &enc->proba_;
  memset(proba->stats_, 0, sizeof(proba->stats_));
}

// Record proba context used
static int Record(int bit, uint64_t* const stats) {
  stats[0] += bit;
  stats[1] += 1;
  return bit;
}

// Simulate block coding, but only record statistics.
// Note: no need to record the fixed probas.
static int RecordCoeffs(int ctx, VP8Residual* res) {
  int n = res->first;
  uint64_t (*s)[2] = res->stats[VP8EncBands[n]][ctx];
  if (!Record(res->last >= 0, s[0])) {
    return 0;
  }

  while (1) {
    const int v = abs(res->coeffs[n++]);
    if (!Record(v != 0, s[1])) {
      s = res->stats[VP8EncBands[n]][0];
      continue;
    }
    if (!Record(v > 1, s[2])) {
      s = res->stats[VP8EncBands[n]][1];
    } else {
      if (!Record(v > 4, s[3])) {
        if (Record(v != 2, s[4]))
          Record(v == 4, s[5]);
      } else if (!Record(v > 10, s[6])) {
        Record(v > 6, s[7]);
      } else if (!Record((v >= 3 + (8 << 2)), s[8])) {
        Record((v >= 3 + (8 << 1)), s[9]);
      } else {
        Record((v >= 3 + (8 << 3)), s[10]);
      }
      s = res->stats[VP8EncBands[n]][2];
    }
    if (n == 16 || !Record(n <= res->last, s[0])) {
      return 1;
    }
  }
}

// Collect statistics and deduce probabilities for next coding pass.
// Return the total bit-cost for coding the probability updates.
static int CalcTokenProba(uint64_t nb, uint64_t total) {
  return (int)(nb ? ((total - nb) * 255 + total / 2) / total : 255);
}

static int FinalizeTokenProbas(VP8Encoder* const enc) {
  VP8Proba* const proba = &enc->proba_;
  int size = 0;
  int t, b, c, p;
  for (t = 0; t < NUM_TYPES; ++t) {
    for (b = 0; b < NUM_BANDS; ++b) {
      for (c = 0; c < NUM_CTX; ++c) {
        for (p = 0; p < NUM_PROBAS; ++p) {
          const uint64_t* const cnt = proba->stats_[t][b][c][p];
          const int update_proba = VP8CoeffsUpdateProba[t][b][c][p];
          const int old_p = VP8CoeffsProba0[t][b][c][p];
          const int new_p = CalcTokenProba(cnt[0], cnt[1]);
          const uint64_t old_cost = VP8BranchCost(cnt[0], cnt[1], old_p)
                                  + VP8BitCost(0, update_proba);
          const uint64_t new_cost = VP8BranchCost(cnt[0], cnt[1], new_p)
                                  + VP8BitCost(1, update_proba) + 8 * 256;
          const int use_new_p = (old_cost > new_cost);
          size += VP8BitCost(use_new_p, update_proba);
          if (use_new_p) {  // only use proba that seem meaningful enough.
            proba->coeffs_[t][b][c][p] = new_p;
            size += 8 * 256;
          } else {
            proba->coeffs_[t][b][c][p] = old_p;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return size;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// helper functions for residuals struct VP8Residual.

static void InitResidual(int first, int coeff_type,
                         VP8Encoder* const enc, VP8Residual* const res) {
  res->coeff_type = coeff_type;
  res->prob  = enc->proba_.coeffs_[coeff_type];
  res->stats = enc->proba_.stats_[coeff_type];
  res->cost  = enc->proba_.level_cost_[coeff_type];
  res->first = first;
}

static void SetResidualCoeffs(const int16_t* const coeffs,
                              VP8Residual* const res) {
  int n;
  res->last = -1;
  for (n = 15; n >= res->first; --n) {
    if (coeffs[n]) {
      res->last = n;
      break;
    }
  }
  res->coeffs = coeffs;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Mode costs

static int GetResidualCost(int ctx, const VP8Residual* const res) {
  int n = res->first;
  const uint8_t* p = res->prob[VP8EncBands[n]][ctx];
  const uint16_t *t = res->cost[VP8EncBands[n]][ctx];
  int cost;

  cost = VP8BitCost(res->last >= 0, p[0]);
  if (res->last < 0) {
    return cost;
  }
  while (n <= res->last) {
    const int v = abs(res->coeffs[n++]);
    cost += VP8LevelCost(t, v);
    if (v == 0) {
      p = res->prob[VP8EncBands[n]][0];
      t = res->cost[VP8EncBands[n]][0];
      continue;
    } else if (v == 1) {
      p = res->prob[VP8EncBands[n]][1];
      t = res->cost[VP8EncBands[n]][1];
    } else {
      p = res->prob[VP8EncBands[n]][2];
      t = res->cost[VP8EncBands[n]][2];
    }
    if (n < 16) {
      cost += VP8BitCost(n <= res->last, p[0]);
    }
  }
  return cost;
}

int VP8GetCostLuma4(VP8EncIterator* const it, const int16_t levels[16]) {
  const int x = (it->i4_ & 3), y = (it->i4_ >> 2);
  VP8Residual res;
  int R = 0;
  int ctx;

  InitResidual(0, 3, it->enc_, &res);
  ctx = it->top_nz_[x] + it->left_nz_[y];
  SetResidualCoeffs(levels, &res);
  R += GetResidualCost(ctx, &res);
  return R;
}

int VP8GetCostLuma16(VP8EncIterator* const it, const VP8ModeScore* const rd) {
  VP8Residual res;
  int x, y;
  int R = 0;

  VP8IteratorNzToBytes(it);   // re-import the non-zero context

  // DC
  InitResidual(0, 1, it->enc_, &res);
  SetResidualCoeffs(rd->y_dc_levels, &res);
  R += GetResidualCost(it->top_nz_[8] + it->left_nz_[8], &res);

  // AC
  InitResidual(1, 0, it->enc_, &res);
  for (y = 0; y < 4; ++y) {
    for (x = 0; x < 4; ++x) {
      const int ctx = it->top_nz_[x] + it->left_nz_[y];
      SetResidualCoeffs(rd->y_ac_levels[x + y * 4], &res);
      R += GetResidualCost(ctx, &res);
      it->top_nz_[x] = it->left_nz_[y] = (res.last >= 0);
    }
  }
  return R;
}

int VP8GetCostUV(VP8EncIterator* const it, const VP8ModeScore* const rd) {
  VP8Residual res;
  int ch, x, y;
  int R = 0;

  VP8IteratorNzToBytes(it);  // re-import the non-zero context

  InitResidual(0, 2, it->enc_, &res);
  for (ch = 0; ch <= 2; ch += 2) {
    for (y = 0; y < 2; ++y) {
      for (x = 0; x < 2; ++x) {
        const int ctx = it->top_nz_[4 + ch + x] + it->left_nz_[4 + ch + y];
        SetResidualCoeffs(rd->uv_levels[ch * 2 + x + y * 2], &res);
        R += GetResidualCost(ctx, &res);
        it->top_nz_[4 + ch + x] = it->left_nz_[4 + ch + y] = (res.last >= 0);
      }
    }
  }
  return R;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Coefficient coding

static int PutCoeffs(VP8BitWriter* const bw, int ctx, const VP8Residual* res) {
  int n = res->first;
  const uint8_t* p = res->prob[VP8EncBands[n]][ctx];
  if (!VP8PutBit(bw, res->last >= 0, p[0])) {
    return 0;
  }

  while (n < 16) {
    const int c = res->coeffs[n++];
    const int sign = c < 0;
    int v = sign ? -c : c;
    if (!VP8PutBit(bw, v != 0, p[1])) {
      p = res->prob[VP8EncBands[n]][0];
      continue;
    }
    if (!VP8PutBit(bw, v > 1, p[2])) {
      p = res->prob[VP8EncBands[n]][1];
    } else {
      if (!VP8PutBit(bw, v > 4, p[3])) {
        if (VP8PutBit(bw, v != 2, p[4]))
          VP8PutBit(bw, v == 4, p[5]);
      } else if (!VP8PutBit(bw, v > 10, p[6])) {
        if (!VP8PutBit(bw, v > 6, p[7])) {
          VP8PutBit(bw, v == 6, 159);
        } else {
          VP8PutBit(bw, v >= 9, 165);
          VP8PutBit(bw, !(v & 1), 145);
        }
      } else {
        int mask;
        const uint8_t* tab;
        if (v < 3 + (8 << 1)) {          // kCat3  (3b)
          VP8PutBit(bw, 0, p[8]);
          VP8PutBit(bw, 0, p[9]);
          v -= 3 + (8 << 0);
          mask = 1 << 2;
          tab = kCat3;
        } else if (v < 3 + (8 << 2)) {   // kCat4  (4b)
          VP8PutBit(bw, 0, p[8]);
          VP8PutBit(bw, 1, p[9]);
          v -= 3 + (8 << 1);
          mask = 1 << 3;
          tab = kCat4;
        } else if (v < 3 + (8 << 3)) {   // kCat5  (5b)
          VP8PutBit(bw, 1, p[8]);
          VP8PutBit(bw, 0, p[10]);
          v -= 3 + (8 << 2);
          mask = 1 << 4;
          tab = kCat5;
        } else {                         // kCat6 (11b)
          VP8PutBit(bw, 1, p[8]);
          VP8PutBit(bw, 1, p[10]);
          v -= 3 + (8 << 3);
          mask = 1 << 10;
          tab = kCat6;
        }
        while (mask) {
          VP8PutBit(bw, !!(v & mask), *tab++);
          mask >>= 1;
        }
      }
      p = res->prob[VP8EncBands[n]][2];
    }
    VP8PutBitUniform(bw, sign);
    if (n == 16 || !VP8PutBit(bw, n <= res->last, p[0])) {
      return 1;   // EOB
    }
  }
  return 1;
}

static void CodeResiduals(VP8BitWriter* const bw,
                          VP8EncIterator* const it,
                          const VP8ModeScore* const rd) {
  int x, y, ch;
  VP8Residual res;
  uint64_t pos1, pos2, pos3;
  const int i16 = (it->mb_->type_ == 1);
  const int segment = it->mb_->segment_;

  VP8IteratorNzToBytes(it);

  pos1 = VP8BitWriterPos(bw);
  if (i16) {
    InitResidual(0, 1, it->enc_, &res);
    SetResidualCoeffs(rd->y_dc_levels, &res);
    it->top_nz_[8] = it->left_nz_[8] =
      PutCoeffs(bw, it->top_nz_[8] + it->left_nz_[8], &res);
    InitResidual(1, 0, it->enc_, &res);
  } else {
    InitResidual(0, 3, it->enc_, &res);
  }

  // luma-AC
  for (y = 0; y < 4; ++y) {
    for (x = 0; x < 4; ++x) {
      const int ctx = it->top_nz_[x] + it->left_nz_[y];
      SetResidualCoeffs(rd->y_ac_levels[x + y * 4], &res);
      it->top_nz_[x] = it->left_nz_[y] = PutCoeffs(bw, ctx, &res);
    }
  }
  pos2 = VP8BitWriterPos(bw);

  // U/V
  InitResidual(0, 2, it->enc_, &res);
  for (ch = 0; ch <= 2; ch += 2) {
    for (y = 0; y < 2; ++y) {
      for (x = 0; x < 2; ++x) {
        const int ctx = it->top_nz_[4 + ch + x] + it->left_nz_[4 + ch + y];
        SetResidualCoeffs(rd->uv_levels[ch * 2 + x + y * 2], &res);
        it->top_nz_[4 + ch + x] = it->left_nz_[4 + ch + y] =
            PutCoeffs(bw, ctx, &res);
      }
    }
  }
  pos3 = VP8BitWriterPos(bw);
  it->luma_bits_ = pos2 - pos1;
  it->uv_bits_ = pos3 - pos2;
  it->bit_count_[segment][i16] += it->luma_bits_;
  it->bit_count_[segment][2] += it->uv_bits_;
  VP8IteratorBytesToNz(it);
}

// Same as CodeResiduals, but doesn't actually write anything.
// Instead, it just records the event distribution.
static void RecordResiduals(VP8EncIterator* const it,
                            const VP8ModeScore* const rd) {
  int x, y, ch;
  VP8Residual res;

  VP8IteratorNzToBytes(it);

  if (it->mb_->type_ == 1) {   // i16x16
    InitResidual(0, 1, it->enc_, &res);
    SetResidualCoeffs(rd->y_dc_levels, &res);
    it->top_nz_[8] = it->left_nz_[8] =
      RecordCoeffs(it->top_nz_[8] + it->left_nz_[8], &res);
    InitResidual(1, 0, it->enc_, &res);
  } else {
    InitResidual(0, 3, it->enc_, &res);
  }

  // luma-AC
  for (y = 0; y < 4; ++y) {
    for (x = 0; x < 4; ++x) {
      const int ctx = it->top_nz_[x] + it->left_nz_[y];
      SetResidualCoeffs(rd->y_ac_levels[x + y * 4], &res);
      it->top_nz_[x] = it->left_nz_[y] = RecordCoeffs(ctx, &res);
    }
  }

  // U/V
  InitResidual(0, 2, it->enc_, &res);
  for (ch = 0; ch <= 2; ch += 2) {
    for (y = 0; y < 2; ++y) {
      for (x = 0; x < 2; ++x) {
        const int ctx = it->top_nz_[4 + ch + x] + it->left_nz_[4 + ch + y];
        SetResidualCoeffs(rd->uv_levels[ch * 2 + x + y * 2], &res);
        it->top_nz_[4 + ch + x] = it->left_nz_[4 + ch + y] =
            RecordCoeffs(ctx, &res);
      }
    }
  }

  VP8IteratorBytesToNz(it);
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ExtraInfo map / Debug function

#if SEGMENT_VISU
static void SetBlock(uint8_t* p, int value, int size) {
  int y;
  for (y = 0; y < size; ++y) {
    memset(p, value, size);
    p += BPS;
  }
}
#endif

static void ResetSSE(VP8Encoder* const enc) {
  memset(enc->sse_, 0, sizeof(enc->sse_));
  enc->sse_count_ = 0;
}

static void StoreSSE(const VP8EncIterator* const it) {
  VP8Encoder* const enc = it->enc_;
  const uint8_t* const in = it->yuv_in_;
  const uint8_t* const out = it->yuv_out_;
  // Note: not totally accurate at boundary. And doesn't include in-loop filter.
  enc->sse_[0] += VP8SSE16x16(in + Y_OFF, out + Y_OFF);
  enc->sse_[1] += VP8SSE8x8(in + U_OFF, out + U_OFF);
  enc->sse_[2] += VP8SSE8x8(in + V_OFF, out + V_OFF);
  enc->sse_count_ += 16 * 16;
}

static void StoreSideInfo(const VP8EncIterator* const it) {
  VP8Encoder* const enc = it->enc_;
  const VP8MBInfo* const mb = it->mb_;
  WebPPicture* const pic = enc->pic_;

  if (pic->stats) {
    StoreSSE(it);
    enc->block_count_[0] += (mb->type_ == 0);
    enc->block_count_[1] += (mb->type_ == 1);
    enc->block_count_[2] += (mb->skip_ != 0);
  }

  if (pic->extra_info) {
    uint8_t* const info = &pic->extra_info[it->x_ + it->y_ * enc->mb_w_];
    switch(pic->extra_info_type) {
      case 1: *info = mb->type_; break;
      case 2: *info = mb->segment_; break;
      case 3: *info = enc->dqm_[mb->segment_].quant_; break;
      case 4: *info = (mb->type_ == 1) ? it->preds_[0] : 0xff; break;
      case 5: *info = mb->uv_mode_; break;
      case 6: {
        const int b = (int)((it->luma_bits_ + it->uv_bits_ + 7) >> 3);
        *info = (b > 255) ? 255 : b; break;
      }
      default: *info = 0; break;
    };
  }
#if SEGMENT_VISU  // visualize segments and prediction modes
  SetBlock(it->yuv_out_ + Y_OFF, mb->segment_ * 64, 16);
  SetBlock(it->yuv_out_ + U_OFF, it->preds_[0] * 64, 8);
  SetBlock(it->yuv_out_ + V_OFF, mb->uv_mode_ * 64, 8);
#endif
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Main loops
//
//  VP8EncLoop(): does the final bitstream coding.

static void ResetAfterSkip(VP8EncIterator* const it) {
  if (it->mb_->type_ == 1) {
    *it->nz_ = 0;  // reset all predictors
    it->left_nz_[8] = 0;
  } else {
    *it->nz_ &= (1 << 24);  // preserve the dc_nz bit
  }
}

int VP8EncLoop(VP8Encoder* const enc) {
  int i, s, p;
  VP8EncIterator it;
  VP8ModeScore info;
  const int dont_use_skip = !enc->proba_.use_skip_proba_;
  const int rd_opt = enc->rd_opt_level_;
  const int kAverageBytesPerMB = 5;     // TODO: have a kTable[quality/10]
  const int bytes_per_parts =
    enc->mb_w_ * enc->mb_h_ * kAverageBytesPerMB / enc->num_parts_;

  // Initialize the bit-writers
  for (p = 0; p < enc->num_parts_; ++p) {
    VP8BitWriterInit(enc->parts_ + p, bytes_per_parts);
  }

  ResetStats(enc, rd_opt != 0);
  ResetSSE(enc);

  VP8IteratorInit(enc, &it);
  VP8InitFilter(&it);
  do {
    VP8IteratorImport(&it);
    // Warning! order is important: first call VP8Decimate() and
    // *then* decide how to code the skip decision if there's one.
    if (!VP8Decimate(&it, &info, rd_opt) || dont_use_skip) {
      CodeResiduals(it.bw_, &it, &info);
    } else {   // reset predictors after a skip
      ResetAfterSkip(&it);
    }
    StoreSideInfo(&it);
    VP8StoreFilterStats(&it);
    VP8IteratorExport(&it);
  } while (VP8IteratorNext(&it, it.yuv_out_));
  VP8AdjustFilterStrength(&it);

  // Finalize the partitions
  for (p = 0; p < enc->num_parts_; ++p) {
    VP8BitWriterFinish(enc->parts_ + p);
  }
  // and byte counters
  if (enc->pic_->stats) {
    for (i = 0; i <= 2; ++i) {
      for (s = 0; s < NUM_MB_SEGMENTS; ++s) {
        enc->residual_bytes_[i][s] = (int)((it.bit_count_[s][i] + 7) >> 3);
      }
    }
  }
  return 1;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  VP8StatLoop(): only collect statistics (number of skips, token usage, ...)
//                 This is used for deciding optimal probabilities. It also
//                 modifies the quantizer value if some target (size, PNSR)
//                 was specified.

#define kHeaderSizeEstimate (15 + 20 + 10)      // TODO: fix better

static int OneStatPass(VP8Encoder* const enc, float q, int rd_opt, int nb_mbs,
                       float* const PSNR) {
  VP8EncIterator it;
  uint64_t size = 0;
  uint64_t distortion = 0;
  const uint64_t pixel_count = nb_mbs * 384;

  // Make sure the quality parameter is inside valid bounds
  if (q < 0.) {
    q = 0;
  } else if (q > 100.) {
    q = 100;
  }

  VP8SetSegmentParams(enc, q);      // setup segment quantizations and filters

  ResetStats(enc, rd_opt != 0);
  ResetTokenStats(enc);

  VP8IteratorInit(enc, &it);
  do {
    VP8ModeScore info;
    VP8IteratorImport(&it);
    if (VP8Decimate(&it, &info, rd_opt)) {
      // Just record the number of skips and act like skip_proba is not used.
      enc->proba_.nb_skip_++;
    }
    RecordResiduals(&it, &info);
    size += info.R;
    distortion += info.D;
  } while (VP8IteratorNext(&it, it.yuv_out_) && --nb_mbs > 0);
  size += FinalizeSkipProba(enc);
  size += FinalizeTokenProbas(enc);
  size += enc->segment_hdr_.size_;
  size = ((size + 1024) >> 11) + kHeaderSizeEstimate;

  if (PSNR) {
    *PSNR = (float)(10.* log10(255. * 255. * pixel_count / distortion));
  }
  return (int)size;
}

// successive refinement increments.
static const int dqs[] = { 20, 15, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 1, 0 };

int VP8StatLoop(VP8Encoder* const enc) {
  const int do_search =
    (enc->config_->target_size > 0 || enc->config_->target_PSNR > 0);
  const int fast_probe = (enc->method_ < 2 && !do_search);
  float q = enc->config_->quality;
  int pass;
  int nb_mbs;

  // Fast mode: quick analysis pass over few mbs. Better than nothing.
  nb_mbs = enc->mb_w_ * enc->mb_h_;
  if (fast_probe && nb_mbs > 100) nb_mbs = 100;

  // No target size: just do several pass without changing 'q'
  if (!do_search) {
    for (pass = 0; pass < enc->config_->pass; ++pass) {
      const int rd_opt = (enc->method_ > 2);
      OneStatPass(enc, q, rd_opt, nb_mbs, NULL);
    }
    return 1;
  }

  // binary search for a size close to target
  for (pass = 0; pass < enc->config_->pass || (dqs[pass] > 0); ++pass) {
    const int rd_opt = 1;
    float PSNR;
    int criterion;
    const int size = OneStatPass(enc, q, rd_opt, nb_mbs, &PSNR);
#if DEBUG_SEARCH
    printf("#%d size=%d PSNR=%.2f q=%.2f\n", pass, size, PSNR, q);
#endif

    if (enc->config_->target_PSNR > 0) {
      criterion = (PSNR < enc->config_->target_PSNR);
    } else {
      criterion = (size < enc->config_->target_size);
    }
    // dichotomize
    if (criterion) {
      q += dqs[pass];
    } else {
      q -= dqs[pass];
    }
  }
  return 1;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#if defined(__cplusplus) || defined(c_plusplus)
}    // extern "C"
#endif